韩国低生育水平的原因研究

发布时间：2018-02-04 21:09

本文关键词： 韩国低生育水平人口政策生育观念　出处：《河北大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：自20世纪60年代以来,韩国的生育率经历了一个快速下降的阶段。2001年,韩国步入世界上超低生育水平国家之列。低生育水平带来的种种人口问题,令韩国政府头疼不已。那么,都有哪些因素导致了韩国生育水平的持续下降呢? 本文对这一问题进行了研究,认为韩国生育率下降的原因主要有三个:一是家庭计划生育项目的有效实施;二是社会经济发展水平的快速提高;三是人们生育观念的根本转变。在生育率下降的第一阶段,家庭计划生育项目发挥了主要作用。在这一阶段中,政府作为组织者发挥了强有力的支配和指导作用。在生育率下降的第二阶段,社会经济因素和人们的生育观念转变发挥了主要作用。社会的现代化变革带来了死亡率降低、产业结构现代化、城市化、社会保障制度完善、教育普及、就业竞争加剧等。这使人们传统的早婚早育、多生多育观念转变为理性生育、重视孩子质量的新型生育观念。在这一阶段,个人对生育行为的自我控制发挥了主要作用。韩国的社会现代化和人们生育观念的根本转变是现阶段促使韩国生育率持续下降的主要原因。这一结论,对于全面评估我国的计划生育政策在生育率下降过程中的作用和明确生育政策的调整方向具有很好的借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:Since 1960s, South Korea's fertility rate has experienced a rapid decline stage of.2001 years, South Korea entered the super low fertility countries in the world. Among the various population problems brought by the low fertility level, make the Korean government a headache. So, what are the factors leading to the Korean fertility decline?
This paper studies the problem that there are three main reasons of the decline: one is the effective implementation of family planning programs; the two is the rapid increase in the level of social economic development; three is a fundamental change in people's attitudes. In the first stage of declining fertility, family planning programs play most of the work. In this stage, the government as the organizer played a powerful control and guidance. In the second stage of fertility decline, changes in social economic factors and the concept of fertility has played a major role. The modernization of society brings the change of mortality, modernization of industrial structure, perfecting the social security system of the city. Universal education, employment, competition and so on. This makes the traditional early marriage and childbearing, and more health education ideas into rational growth, pay attention to the new children quality education idea in this. In the first stage, individuals have played a major role in self-control of childbearing behavior.
The main reasons of present Korea fertility decline is a fundamental change in South Korea's social modernization and people's attitudes. This conclusion has a good reference for adjusting the direction of a comprehensive assessment of China's family planning policy in the process of fertility decline and the role of clear family planning policy.

【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：C924.312.6

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