基层卫计部门视角下我国人口服务管理工作存在的问题及对策

发布时间：2018-02-14 13:52

本文关键词： 城镇化基层计划生育人口发展人口治理　出处：《湘潭大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：1970年,面对穷困落后的现实国情,为了改变数量庞大、素质低下的人口结构,为实现进一步解放和发展社会生产力,中央政府将计划生育列为我国一项基本国策,提倡一对夫妻只生一个好。在严格执行计划生育政策的近半个世纪里,中国人口总量得到了有效控制,人口出生率大幅降低,自然增长率得到有效控制,人口素质普遍提升,受教育程度、医疗健康水平均稳步提升,适当地缓解了经济增长、人口压力、资源紧缺的矛盾,加速了我国人口的再生类型转变,有效地推动了社会主义现代化建设事业。然而,我们也应当看到当前的政策环境发生了新变化。随着我国人口红利的消失,我国凭借廉价劳动力形成的加工类产业优势逐渐失去国际竞争力,我国人口老龄化现象日益突出,人口结构已然由橄榄形变为了倒三角形。与此同时,人口的惯性增长势头与低生育率的矛盾逐渐凸显,新生儿男女性别比例严重失衡,我国人口面临老龄化严重与生育率低的双重压力,人口与资源的可持续发展仍是社会主义初级阶段的工作难题。在党的十八大上,明确提出了要“坚持计划生育的基本国策,提高出生人口素质,逐步完善政策,促进人口长期均衡发展”的人口调整方向。当前,我国处于全面建成小康社会的关键时期,我党面对新形势做出了科学的战略部署。进一步释放改革开放的红利,以创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享的发展理念谋划发展布局,坚持全面建成小康社会、全面深化改革、全面依法治国、全面从严治党,坚持以经济建设为中心不动摇,统筹好经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设、生态文明建设和党的建设,为我国人口政策提出了与时俱进的新要求。如何在新时期继续实行计划生育政策,走出一条具有中国特色的人口治理道路,是极具挑战性和复杂性的政策工程,我们任重而道远。
[Abstract]:In 1970, faced with the reality of poverty and backwardness, in order to change the large population structure with low quality and to further emancipate and develop the social productive forces, the central government made family planning a basic national policy of our country. In nearly half a century of strict implementation of the family planning policy, China's total population has been effectively controlled, the birth rate has been significantly reduced, the natural growth rate has been effectively controlled, and the quality of the population has been generally improved. The education level and the level of medical care and health have all been steadily improved, which has properly alleviated the contradictions of economic growth, population pressure, and shortage of resources, and has accelerated the transformation of the regenerative types of the population in our country. It has effectively promoted the cause of socialist modernization. However, we should also see new changes in the current policy environment. By virtue of the advantage of processing industry formed by cheap labor force, China has gradually lost its international competitiveness. The aging of the population in our country has become increasingly prominent, and the population structure has already changed from olive deformation to inverted triangle. At the same time, The contradiction between the momentum of population growth and the low fertility rate has gradually become prominent, and the sex ratio of newborns is seriously unbalanced. The population of our country is under the double pressure of serious aging and low fertility. The sustainable development of population and resources is still a difficult problem in the primary stage of socialism. At the 18 National Congress of the Communist Party of China, it was clearly put forward that the basic national policy of family planning should be adhered to, the quality of the birth population should be improved, and the policy should be gradually improved. At present, China is in the critical period of building a well-off society in an all-round way, and our Party has made a scientific strategic arrangement in the face of the new situation, further releasing the dividends of reform and opening up, in order to innovate, The concept of coordinated, green, open and shared development plans the layout of development, insists on building a well-off society in an all-round way, comprehensively deepens reform, comprehensively governs the country according to law, runs the party in an all-round and strict manner, insists on taking economic construction as the center, and coordinates economic construction as a whole. Political construction, cultural construction, social construction, ecological civilization construction and party building have put forward new requirements for China's population policy to keep pace with the times. It is a very challenging and complicated policy project to walk the path of population management with Chinese characteristics, and we have a long way to go.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：C924.21

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