中国计划生育利益导向政策研究

发布时间：2018-03-12 11:58

本文选题：计划生育利益导向政策　切入点：人口数量　出处：《华东师范大学》2011年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：进入21世纪,我国人口发展态势呈现出较以往更为复杂的局面,人口老龄化日益加重、人口素质总体水平仍然不高、出生人口性别比明显失衡等。与此相应,我国计划生育工作的主要目标也已从最初控制人口数量的过快增长,逐步转移到如何统筹解决人口数量、素质、结构和分布,有利于人口长期均衡发展上来。在这一转变过程中,尤其在进入新的世纪以来,“计划生育利益导向政策”逐步成为合理引导我国城乡居民生育意愿与生育行为的一项重要机制,并已被实践证明是更易于为群众所接受的计划生育工作新方法。正因如此,深入研究我国计划生育利益导向政策,对进一步完善我国计划生育工作具有重要现实意义,对全面系统认识计划生育相关理论并不断充实其内涵也具有重要的理论意义。本文基于翔实的历史资料和统计数据,采用定性与定量分析相结合、以定性分析为主的研究方法,从计划生育利益导向政策的补偿机制与导向机制两个视角,着重探讨了三个方面的内容：首先,系统梳理了计划生育利益导向政策的时空发展历程。其次,深入分析了相关利益导向政策对控制人口数量、提高人口素质、治理出生性别比失衡及帮扶计划生育困难家庭等四个方面的影响作用。最后,根据本文的研究发现提出进一步完善我国计划生育利益导向政策的思路和建议。本文重点对旨在控制人口数量、提高人口素质、引导出生性别比趋于正常及帮扶计划生育困难家庭的计划生育利益导向政策的研究发现： (1)现行旨在控制人口数量的计划生育利益导向政策对引导群众生育行为的影响主要表现为辅助作用,即在目前影响各省区稳定现行低生育水平的综合因素中,利益导向政策仅能起到“不让计划生育家庭不满意”、“使违反计划生育家庭有所顾忌”的作用,其自身的激励功效小于经济社会因素的影响。与此同时,研究还发现,同以往人们所预期的并不一致,计划生育利益导向政策对控制人口数量的影响并未出现在经济社会发展水平越低下的地区其效应表现得越显著的现象。 (2)现行计划生育利益导向政策对提高出生人口素质的力度尚不能与环境、食品因素的影响相比,加之近年来出生缺陷的检测更为精细,使得出生缺陷发生率呈上升趋势；而且,由于我国很多地区旨在提高人口素质的计划生育利益导向政策的实际用途发生了改变,导致目前这一方面的利益导向政策对独生子女身体素质的影响很微弱。 (3)对“关爱女孩行动”试点地区的分析结果表明,这些地区初步形成了有利于女孩成长、成才的社会环境,出生人口性别比开始出现下降趋势,但不能完全寄希望于现有的奖励扶助政策,还需加强完善婚嫁习俗、养老保障、男女同工同酬等社会和经济制度。 (4)我国计划生育利益导向政策的补偿性功能已初步建立并逐步完善,这一点已得到各界的共识。但是,根据本文分析结果可知,不应不加区别地继续强化各类计划生育补偿功能,而需加强对重度残疾独生子女与计划生育手术严重并发症、后遗症患者及其家庭的补偿力度；同时也要注意有关独生子女家庭的利益导向政策对未来符合法律法规可以生育两个孩子家庭生育数量的误导。 (5)从理论层面上来说,对现有相关理论在我国的适应性的分析表明,基于微观人口经济学理论提出的孩子成本-效益理论、孩子质量-数量替代理论对我国农村居民生育行为的解释力较有限。
[Abstract]:In twenty-first Century, the development trend of China's population showed a more complicated situation than in the past, the aging population is increasing, the quality of the population overall level is still not high, than the obvious imbalance of birth sex. Accordingly, the main goal of China's family planning work has been from the initial population control excessive growth and gradually transfer to overall solve the population quantity, quality, structure and distribution, is conducive to the long-term balanced development of the population. In the process of transformation, especially since entering the new century, the "interest oriented family planning policy" has gradually become an important guide of China's urban and rural residents fertility willingness and behavior, and have been proved to be a new method of family planning work more easily accepted by the masses. Because of this, in-depth study of China's interest oriented family planning policy, to further improve our plan The birth control work is of great practical significance. It is of great theoretical significance to understand the family planning theory in a comprehensive system and to enrich its connotation.
This paper detailed historical data and based on the statistical data, using a combination of qualitative and quantitative analysis, the qualitative analysis of research methods, from the two perspectives of the compensation mechanism of interest oriented family planning policy and guidance mechanism, focusing on three aspects: first, systematically analyzes the spatial development process of interest oriented family planning policies. Secondly, in-depth analysis of the relevant interest oriented policies on population control, and improve population quality, management of birth sex ratio imbalance and the influence of four aspects of helping needy families and other family planning role. Finally, according to the findings of this research put forward ideas and suggestions to further improve China's interest oriented family planning policy.
This paper focuses on the research of family planning interest oriented policy, which is aimed at controlling population size, improving population quality, guiding normal sex ratio at birth and helping families with family planning difficulties.
(1) to the current interest oriented family planning policy to control the population impact on reproductive behavior and guide the masses mainly as a supporting role in the comprehensive influence factors of the provinces and autonomous regions in stabilizing the current low fertility level, interest oriented policy can only play a "don't let the family planning family satisfaction", "the violation of family planning scruples" role, its influence is less than the incentive effect of economic and social factors. At the same time, the study also found that with other people's expectations, interest oriented family planning policy impact on population control does not appear in the economic and social development level is low in its effect was more significant the phenomenon.
(2) the current interest oriented family planning policy to improve the quality of the birth population dynamics cannot be compared with the environment, food factors, and in recent years the birth defect detection is more precise, the increased incidence of birth defects; moreover, due to many areas of China in order to improve the practical use of interest oriented family planning policy population the quality of the change, leading to the current impact of interest oriented policies in this aspect of the only child physical quality is very weak.
(3) the results of "caring for girls" pilot areas showed that these areas formed in favor of girls grow, become the social environment, the sex ratio at birth began to decline, but can't rely solely on the existing policy, also need to strengthen and perfect marriage customs, old-age security, equal pay for men and women the social and economic system.
(4) China's interest oriented family planning policy compensatory function has been initially established and perfected gradually, and this has been the consensus of the community. However, according to the analysis results, should not be indiscriminately to strengthen all kinds of family planning and compensation function, the need to strengthen the serious complications of severe disability child and plan operation of family, compensation to sequelae of patients and their families; at the same time should also pay attention to the interests of policy about one-child families can mislead the number of two child family planning for the future in accordance with laws and regulations.
(5) from a theoretical perspective, the analysis of the adaptability of the existing theories in China shows that the theory of child cost effectiveness based on the theory of micro population economics has little explanatory power on the theory of child quality quantity substitution to the rural residents' reproductive behavior in China.

【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：C924.21

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