吉林省人口结构对经济增长的影响

发布时间：2018-03-17 11:32

  本文选题：吉林省　切入点：人口结构　出处：《延边大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来人口问题一度成为全国关注的热点问题,譬如人口老龄化进程加快、人口性别比失衡、人口城镇化率越来越高、全面放开二胎等等。这一切问题都属于人口结构的理论范畴。人口结构与经济之间的关系是研究所有人口问题中最基本的出发点之一,稳定的人口数量和合理的人口结构是经济持续发展的必要保证。调整人口结构,最终的目的就是为了使人口结构与经济发展相适应。本文是从吉林省人口结构的角度出发,通过对吉林省人口的年龄结构、性别结构、城乡结构、产业结构、文化结构现状和变化趋势进行分析,发现吉林省人口老龄化现象严重、人口城镇化率增长缓慢等问题。为了探究吉林省人口结构与经济增长之间的关系,本文选取了人口结构的部分指标包括65岁以上老年人口占总人口比重、二三产业就业人口比重之和、人口城镇化率、平均每万人在校大学生占总学生比重和人均GDP等相关数据,把人口年龄结构、人口城乡结构、人口文化结构、人口产业结构对经济的影响进行了实证分析,得出了吉林省人口结构各要素与经济增长之间的关系,发现吉林省人口老龄化趋势日渐严重,对经济增长产生负面影响;人口城镇化率、二三产业人口比重的不断提高以及人口文化素质等因素对经济的发展影响相对较弱。最后综合分析所得结论并提出了相关建议,即努力调整人口年龄结构,加速建立合理的老年人口保障制度;进一步保持性别平衡趋势,逐步促进性别结构优化;加快人口城市化进程,优化人口的城乡结构;继续深化产业结构调整,促进人口产业结构升级;加大教育投资力度,提高人口文化素质等措施。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the population problem has once become a hot issue of national concern. For example, the aging process of the population is accelerating, the population sex ratio is unbalanced, and the rate of population urbanization is becoming higher and higher. All these issues belong to the theoretical category of population structure. The relationship between population structure and economy is one of the most basic starting points in studying population problems. Stable population quantity and reasonable population structure are the necessary guarantee of sustainable economic development. The final purpose of adjusting the population structure is to adapt the population structure to the economic development. This paper starts from the point of view of the population structure of Jilin Province. By analyzing the age structure, gender structure, urban and rural structure, industrial structure, cultural structure and changing trend of the population of Jilin Province, it is found that the aging of the population in Jilin Province is serious. In order to explore the relationship between population structure and economic growth in Jilin Province, this paper selects some indicators of population structure, including the proportion of the elderly population over 65 years old in the total population. The relevant data, such as the proportion of the employed population in the secondary and tertiary industries, the urbanization rate, the average proportion of college students to the total number of students per 10,000 people and the average GDP per capita, etc., include the age structure of the population, the urban and rural structure of the population, and the cultural structure of the population. The effect of population industrial structure on economy is analyzed empirically, and the relationship between the factors of population structure and economic growth in Jilin Province is obtained. It is found that the aging trend of population in Jilin Province is becoming more and more serious, which has a negative impact on economic growth. The urbanization rate, the increasing proportion of the population in the secondary and tertiary industries, and the cultural quality of the population have relatively weak effects on the economic development. Finally, the conclusions are analyzed synthetically and the relevant suggestions are put forward, that is, to adjust the age structure of the population. To accelerate the establishment of a reasonable security system for the elderly population; to further maintain the trend of gender balance and gradually promote the optimization of the gender structure; to speed up the process of population urbanization and optimize the urban and rural structure of the population; and to continue to deepen the adjustment of the industrial structure. Measures should be taken to promote the upgrading of the industrial structure of the population, to increase investment in education and to improve the cultural quality of the population.
【学位授予单位】：延边大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：C924.2
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本文编号：1624554