苏南农村独生子女父母养老问题研究

发布时间：2018-03-22 19:29

本文选题：苏南农村　切入点：独生子女父母　出处：《南京师范大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：中国自20世纪70年代末开始实行计划生育政策,至今已经有近四十年的尝试,较早响应国家号召实施该政策的那部分群体已经开始迈入养老行列,养老问题逐渐突显出来。同时由于我国城乡二元的社会体制,农村的养老问题比城市更为严峻,也更具代表性。苏南农村是较早实行该政策的地区之一,笔者将此作为研究地域,选取一部分已经迈入养老行列的独生子女父母作为调查对象,通过对他们进行了结构式访谈,了解到他们在物质、生活照料以及精神慰藉方面均面临着不同程度的困境。虽然在现阶段,独生子女父母们刚迈入养老行列,属于低龄老年人阶段,身体状况尚好,生活能够自理,在生活照料方面问题不是很明显,但精神慰藉的缺失已然成为了主要矛盾,将在一个较长的时间段内存在并且严重困扰着老年人的晚年生活,尤其对于空巢或者父母单独生活的家庭来说这种影响更为直接。鉴于这种现状,国家有不可推卸的责任,70年代末实行的计划生育政策间接地造成了独生子女家庭的养老困境,因此国家有义务为其提供一定的物质及政策支持,帮助他们度过一个祥和的晚年。尤其对于没有固定生活来源的农村独生子女父母来说,提高保障水平、扩大保障面将显得尤为重要。除此之外,适时调整计划生育政策,以化解独生子女数大幅增长而带来的一系列社会风险。作为独生子女,要平衡好工作与家庭的关系,关心老年人,想方设法减少他们从工作岗位中离开的落寞感,使其重拾生活的信心与乐趣。而独生子女父母们要从中年起其增加自身积累,改变养老观念,利用农村熟人社会的优势增加邻里情感,通过增加互动为人为己提供生活便利,丰富业余生活,也可根据家庭情况参加一定的商业保险作为补充。而社会作为养老事业的中坚力量必须担负其重要的职责,兴办好养老产业,利用好社区、志愿者的力量,造福老人,同时开办一些专业的心理调适机构,为出现心理问题的老年人带去福音,也可以为老年人提供各种发挥余热的舞台,只要各种力量联合起来,独生子女父母的养老问题一定能得以很好地解决。
[Abstract]:Since the implementation of the family planning policy in China in the late 1970s, there have been nearly four decades of attempts, and those groups that have responded earlier to the state's call to implement the policy have begun to step into the ranks of the elderly. The problem of providing for the aged is gradually becoming more prominent. At the same time, due to the dual social system of urban and rural areas, the problem of providing for the aged in rural areas is more serious and more representative than that of the cities. The rural areas of southern Jiangsu Province were one of the areas where the policy was implemented earlier. The author takes this as the research area, selects a part of the parents of only children who have already entered the ranks of the aged as the objects of investigation, and through the structural interviews with them, finds out that they are in the material, Although at this stage, parents of only children have just stepped into the ranks of the aged, belong to the stage of the young elderly, the physical condition is good, life can take care of themselves. The problem of life care is not obvious, but the lack of spiritual comfort has become a major contradiction, will exist for a longer period of time and will seriously affect the old age life, Especially for families with empty nests or parents living alone. In view of this situation, the state has an unshirkable responsibility to implement a family planning policy in the late 1970s, which indirectly resulted in the hardship of the one-child family in providing for the aged. Therefore, the state has the obligation to provide them with certain material and policy support to help them live through a peaceful old age. Especially for the parents of only children in rural areas who do not have a regular source of livelihood, the level of security should be improved. It will be particularly important to expand the coverage. In addition, the family planning policy should be adjusted in a timely manner to address a series of social risks caused by the large increase in the number of only children. As an only child, the work-family relationship should be well balanced. Care for the elderly, find ways to reduce their sense of loneliness from work, so that they can regain the confidence and joy of life, and only parents from middle age to increase their own accumulation, change the concept of old age, Using the advantages of the rural acquaintance society to increase the neighborhood emotion, by increasing the interaction to provide convenience for their own life, enrich the amateur life, It is also possible to take part in certain commercial insurance according to the family situation as a supplement. As the backbone of the old-age service, the society, as the backbone of the old-age service, must shoulder its important responsibilities, set up a good old-age industry, make good use of the strength of the community and volunteers, and benefit the elderly. At the same time, we have set up some professional psychological adjustment institutions to bring good news to the elderly who have psychological problems. They can also provide the elderly with various platforms for exerting their afterheat, as long as all kinds of forces are United. The old-age problem of only child parents can certainly be solved very well.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：C924.21;F323.89;D669.6

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