清代家族人口繁衍研究——兼论支脉重构在微观历史人口学中的应用

发布时间：2018-04-09 22:07

本文选题：支脉重构　切入点：家族人口繁衍　出处：《福建论坛(人文社会科学版)》2013年02期

【摘要】：基于家谱资料的微观历史人口学研究已经证明,清代人口繁衍处于高出生、高死亡阶段,婴幼儿存活率极低,人均预期寿命仅有30岁左右。这种人口繁衍的体系对中国传统家族理想造成严重冲击。家族观念对中国传统社会影响深远,家族人口繁衍昌盛、香火延续不绝成为民众的普遍理想,然而在高死亡率面前,不仅几世同堂的大家庭理想缺乏实现的人口条件,而且绝嗣现象也普遍存在。依据《松源魏氏》和《海宁查氏》两部家谱所载人口资料的研究结果表明,在经历了从清初到民国初年两百余年的生存竞争后,只有少数的人能够拥有自己的后代,保持香火不断,而其他大多数人都陆续绝嗣,后世为数众多的子孙可能仅是极少数祖先的后代。不同支脉间人口繁衍的机会极不均衡,家族人口繁衍的理想和现实之间存在巨大的落差。"支脉重构"方法的提出,为微观历史人口学研究开拓了新的思路和研究范畴。
[Abstract]:The microcosmic historical demography research based on the family tree data has proved that the population reproduction in Qing Dynasty is at the stage of high birth and death, the infant survival rate is very low, and the life expectancy is only about 30 years.This system of population reproduction has a serious impact on Chinese traditional family ideals.The concept of family has a profound influence on the traditional Chinese society. The family population is thriving and the incense continues to be the universal ideal of the people. However, in the face of high mortality, not only the ideal of a large family with several generations living together lacks the population conditions to be realized.Moreover, the phenomenon of abatement is also widespread.Based on the population data contained in the pedigree of "Songyuan Wei" and "Haining Cha's", the results show that after more than 200 years of survival competition from the early Qing Dynasty to the early Republic of China, only a few people can have their own offspring.Keep the incense on, and most of the others are dying out, and many of the descendants may be the offspring of a very small number of ancestors."the opportunities for population reproduction in different branches are very uneven, and there is a huge gap between the ideal of family reproduction and reality."The method of branch reconstruction has opened up new ideas and research scope for microcosmic historical demography.
【作者单位】：复旦大学历史地理研究中心;
【分类号】：C92-09

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