经济因素对出生性别比失衡的影响研究

发布时间：2018-04-18 14:48

本文选题：经济因素 + 出生性别比　；参考：《河北大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：自20世纪80年代以来，中国出现了持续的出生人口性别比持续攀高的现象，迄今尚未逆转。在中国现阶段,人均收入水平、社会保障实力、地区发展的不平衡等因素,通过性别观念、家庭结构、社会保障、技术条件等中间因素,构成影响我国出生人口性别比偏高的主要原因之一。本文通过阐述我国出生人口性别比的发展进程，并充分利用历次全国人口普查和大型抽样调查的基础数据，结合经验研究的数据进行深入发掘，采用定量分析方法对出生性别比动态趋势及其规律进行描述统计，并对影响出生性别比水平和特征的社会经济和人口因素进行定量统计分析。文中在分析我国经济因素对出生性别比的分贡献率后不难发现，外向型经济发展规模较小的近海内陆区对出生性别比的贡献率影响较大；乡村较高的出生性别比对总体出生性别比的升高起到决定性作用。在此基础上笔者进行了一项定量研究，选取河北省各县、（市）人口出生性别比数据与调查数据和经济指标为依据，做出相关关系的测算与分析，可以看出河北省各县、（市）人口出生性别比与各项经济指标之间表现出复杂的曲线关系，而男孩偏好即是出生性别比升高的内在动因，证实经济因素对出生人口性别比的影响确实存在。即在人们生活水平较低时,由于涉及到自身生活质量、养老保险保障等一系列切身问题,人们比较乐意生育男孩。本文将经济因素作为切入点，认为在人口控制的政策效应正在不断弱化的当下，社会文化和经济因素开始逐步超越政策因素成为影响人们、特别是农村育龄夫妇生育行为的主导力量，人口与计划生育事业的向前推进，需要以生育文化为成长点的制度创新和以经济发展为支撑的利益导向，努力促进出生性别比的平衡，实现人口社会的和谐发展。
[Abstract]:Since the 1980s, China has seen a constant rise in the sex ratio of births, which has not yet been reversed.At the present stage in China, the level of per capita income, the strength of social security, the imbalance in regional development, and other factors, such as gender concepts, family structure, social security, technical conditions, etc., are among the intermediate factors.One of the main reasons for the high sex ratio of birth population in China.This paper expounds the development process of the sex ratio of the birth population in China, and makes full use of the basic data of the previous national population censuses and large-scale sample surveys, and combines the data of the empirical research to deeply explore.The dynamic trend and regularity of sex ratio at birth were described by quantitative analysis method, and the socio-economic and demographic factors affecting the level and characteristics of sex ratio at birth were analyzed quantitatively.After analyzing the contribution rate of economic factors to the birth sex ratio in China, it is not difficult to find that the small scale offshore inland area of export-oriented economy has a great influence on the birth sex ratio.The higher birth sex ratio in rural areas plays a decisive role in increasing the overall birth sex ratio.On this basis, the author carried out a quantitative study, selected the data of birth sex ratio of population in various counties (cities) of Hebei Province and the survey data and economic indicators as the basis, and made the calculation and analysis of the related relations.It can be seen that there is a complex curve relationship between the birth sex ratio and various economic indicators in the counties (cities) of Hebei Province, and the male preference is the intrinsic cause of the increase of the birth sex ratio.It is proved that the influence of economic factors on the sex ratio of birth population does exist.That is, when people's living standard is low, people are more willing to bear boys because of a series of personal problems such as quality of life, pension insurance and so on.This article regards the economic factor as the starting point, and thinks that at the moment when the policy effect of population control is weakening, the sociocultural and economic factors begin to surpass the policy factor and become the influence of the people.In particular, the dominant force of reproductive behavior of couples of childbearing age in rural areas and the advancement of population and family planning need institutional innovation based on fertility culture as the growth point and interest orientation supported by economic development.Efforts will be made to promote the balance of the sex ratio at birth and to achieve harmonious development of the population and society.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：C924.21

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