从教育和老年人介护产业看少子老年化带来的日本产业发展的变化

发布时间：2018-04-25 01:29

本文选题：少子化 + 老年化　；参考：《上海外国语大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：少子老年化是指在儿童的出生数不断减少的同时，老年人口占总人口的比例不断增加的现象。日本自1975年开始少子化以来，已经于1997年进入少子社会。另一方面，日本也从1970年进入老年化社会，并于2005年65岁以上的人口的比例达到21%。这样的少子老年化现象给日本的产业发展带来了很大的影响。首先，在人口减少的影响之下造成日本建筑业和农业的比例下降的同时，教育相关的产业、妇产科和少儿科等与儿童相关的产业也因为少子化而缩小了市场规模。另一方面，与老年人相关的护理、健康医疗产业以及自动化产业则得到了发展。在这样的人口变化的背景之下，日本政府采取了很多措施。首先，为了提高生育率，，日本政府在1991年制定了《生育休假法》，并且在1994年制定了简称《天使计划》的鼓励生育的政策。其次，在深受少子化影响的教育领域，日本政府给予充分重视，在普及教育的同时，还以提高教育水准为目标调整教育投资结构。并且教育的重点也转向了高等教育，相比较数量更重视教育质量的提高。再次，由于以老年人为主体的医疗、社会保障以及护理等产业正在吸收越来越多的就业人员，日本政府不断支持其发展。为了充分扩展老年人介护产业，日本政府在老年人住宅、家用医疗设备、介护机器人以及老年人IT产业等领域进行研究，推动老年人产业的发展。中国在2010年65岁以上的人口已突破1亿，并且预计在2027年人口将达到2亿。在这样的状况之下，中国必须得从现在就开始制定并实施相关政策，发展诸如社会服务业、社会福祉、保险和金融业，以及以老年人为对象的教育文化产业等。通过研究日本在少子老年化的影响下的产业发展状况，对将来会面临同样问题的中国具有很高的参考意义。
[Abstract]:The aging of minority children refers to the increasing proportion of the aged population to the total population while the number of children is decreasing. Japan has entered the minority society since 1975. Japan, on the other hand, has been aging since 1970, reaching 21 percent of the population over 65 in 2005. This phenomenon of the aging of minority children to Japan's industrial development brought a great impact. First of all, under the influence of population decline, the proportion of Japanese construction and agriculture has fallen, while education-related industries, such as obstetrics and gynaecology, and children-related industries, such as children-related industries, have also reduced the market size because of minority children. On the other hand, the nursing, health care and automation industries related to the elderly have been developed. Against this background of demographic change, the Japanese government has taken many measures. First, in order to raise the fertility rate, the Japanese government enacted the Maternity leave Act in 1991, and in 1994, the Angel Program, a policy to encourage fertility. Secondly, in the field of education deeply influenced by minority children, the Japanese government pays full attention to it, while popularizing education, it also adjusts the structure of education investment with the aim of improving the educational level. And the focus of education has shifted to higher education, more emphasis on the quality of education than the quantity. Third, the Japanese government has been supporting the development of elderly health care, social security and nursing industries, which are absorbing more and more employed people. In order to fully expand the elderly care industry, the Japanese government in the elderly residential, household medical equipment, referral robots and IT industry for the elderly to promote the development of the elderly industry. China's population of 65 and older exceeded 100 million in 2010 and is expected to reach 200 million by 2027. In such a situation, China must begin to formulate and implement policies such as social services, social welfare, insurance and finance, and educational and cultural industries for the elderly. By studying the industrial development of Japan under the influence of the aging of minority children, it is of great significance for China to face the same problems in the future.
【学位授予单位】：上海外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F131.3;C924.313

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