我国出生性别比异常变化及综合治理研究

发布时间：2018-05-12 21:51

本文选题：出生性别比 + 综合治理　；参考：《吉林大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：我国出生人口性别比偏高问题已持续了30多年的时间,并且呈现出了持续时间长、偏高程度大、涉及范围广等显著特征,由于这一问题将会对婚姻家庭和社会生活产生深远而严重的影响,引起了学术界广泛而深入的研究,党和政府及社会各界也给予了极大关注,并且采取了一系列社会治理活动。然而,现有研究多从社会、经济、制度等外围因素入手,缺乏家庭经济文化视角的原因分析和新型家庭生育文化建设的制度设计。本论文选择《我国出生性别比异常变化及综合治理研究》这一题目,并重点把出生性别比异常变化的影响因素定位在社会最小细胞——家庭层面,力求从生育决策的主体出发,通过对家庭生育决策过程以及干预生育性别行为的深入研究,探讨治理出生性别比偏高问题的对策。本论文共10章,可分为三大部分。第一部分包括第1至3章,首先介绍了本文的研究背景以及研究目的和意义,从而使本研究有了准确定位;对国内外相关文献做出了系统梳理,使本研究得以在吸收和借鉴已有研究成果的基础上找到了突破口;对研究方法和技术路线的科学设计,使本研究有了明确的方向和分析解决问题的工具;主要内容和创新点,则是简要提炼了论文的核心内容与观点,以及本研究的创新之处;核心概念和相关理论,对本研究的核心概念做出了界定,简要介绍了与本研究关系密切的相关理论;最后分析了出生性别比的特点及社会影响。第二部分包括第4至8章,首先分析了生育政策对出生性别比异常变化的影响,首次提出了生育政策的作用需要得到家庭回应、生育政策的运行是政府与家庭之间双向互动过程的观点。本研究认为,我国以一孩为主导的偏紧生育政策的出台与农村经营体制改革的启动时间相一致,随后又出现了出生性别比升高的问题,这是一种历史机遇的巧合。在实行农村联产承包制度的大背景下,即使没有生育政策对家庭生育数量的挤压,家庭同样会做出偏好男孩的选择,“提倡一孩”的生育政策只是起到了“推手”或“帮手”的作用。然后,分别从家庭经济因素、家庭文化传承、家庭生育决策和家庭推力机制四个维度,对出生性别比偏高的微观因素展开系统分析。在家庭经济因素中,把孩子成本效益、孩子作为家庭养老资源、家庭资源分配和家业继承视为生育决策的重要条件,并且进行了系统论证。在家庭文化传承中,把重男轻女思想观念作为传统生育文化传承的主线和性别偏好形成的思想根源,通过对家庭是人的社会化第一场所、父母是孩子第一任教师的分析,得出了家庭世代形成的家德、家风和祖训等家庭文化以及子随父姓、妇从夫居、只有男孩才能传宗接代的生育文化对家庭生育决策具有重要影响的结论。在家庭生育决策中,论文强调了生育主体是生育决策第一人、生育决策是由生育理性决定的观点,即:生育主体的个人经济理性和非经济理性主导着家庭的生育决策。由于家庭类型和家庭功能的多样性,决定了不同家庭对生育的不同态度,如果生育主体把对男孩的投资视为家庭财富的积累,把对女孩的投资视为家庭财产的流失,必然会刺激偏好男孩倾向的活跃和强化,进而导致对生育性别的干预和出生性别比的升高。在家庭推力机制中,首次提出了家庭推力的命题,对其涵义做出界定,分析了家庭推力各要素之间的逻辑关系,构建了家庭推力机制分析模型,并且以黑龙江省为例,运用本研究构建的分析模型,计算了黑龙江省出生性别结构失衡动力评价综合指数。第三部分包括第9至10章,在分析出生性别比异常变化家庭影响因素的基础上,把研究引向了综合治理出生性别比升高的社会实践。首先介绍了国家综合治理出生性别比升高“行动计划”的框架,总结了实施“行动计划”中创造和积累的实践经验,归纳为“六项工程”和“六度效应”,并且用六个省区的实际资料进行了实证。通过对“行动计划”实际效果的评估,指出“行动计划”设计中存在目标缺失精准度、行动计划覆盖有限性、任务分解缺乏可操作性等三个方面的短板,并且分析了“行动计划”设计短板带来的负效应。论文以“综合治理出生性别比异常变化的路径选择”收关,意在把理论研究转化为实践成果,指导实践创新发展。论文提出了综合治理出生性别比升高专项治理向社会性别平等、推进社会性别主流化的全方位治理转变的方向标,设计了四个方面的发展目标和18项具体评估指标,标示出实现目标的最佳路径——构建社会与家庭互动机制,提出调整综合治理出生性别比偏高的重点领域等对策建议。这些对策建议对综合治理出生性别比偏高行动的深入开展,尽快实现出生性别比正常化的治理目标,具有积极作用。本研究坚持道路自信、理论自信和制度自信的基本理念和思维,提出了影响出生性别比异常变化的“家庭动力机制”模型,并作出科学诠释;通过筛选评估指标,构建了以家庭因素为核心的出生性别比指标体系;强调以生育主体为核心的治理理念,把综合治理出生性别比偏高工作的重点放在家庭层面,使治理措施接通了地气。
[Abstract]:The problem of the high sex ratio of the population of our country has lasted for more than 30 years, and it has been characterized by long duration, high degree and wide range, which will have profound and profound influence on marriage and family and social life. It has caused extensive and deep research in the academic circle, the party and the government and the society. All walks of life have given great attention, and take a series of social governance activities. However, the existing research is mainly from the social, economic, institutional and other peripheral factors, the lack of family economic and cultural perspective and the system design of new family fertility culture construction. This paper chooses the abnormal change and comprehensive management of the sex ratio at birth in our country. On this topic, we focus on the influence factors of the abnormal change of birth sex ratio in the social minimum cell family level, try to start from the main body of the birth decision making, through the in-depth study on the family decision making process and the sex behavior of the birth control, to discuss the Countermeasures of the higher sex ratio of the birth control. 10 Chapter 1 can be divided into three parts. The first part includes first to 3 chapters. First, it introduces the background of the study and the purpose and significance of the study, which makes the research accurate and makes a systematic review of the relevant literature at home and abroad, so that this research can find a breakthrough on the basis of absorbing and drawing on the existing research results; The scientific design of the method and technical route makes the research have a clear direction and a tool for analyzing and solving the problem; the main content and the innovation point are briefly abstracted the core content and view of the paper, and the innovation of this research, the core concept and the related theory, and the definition of the core concept of this research, and the brief introduction of the research. This study is closely related to the relevant theories; finally, the characteristics and social effects of birth sex ratio are analyzed. The second part includes fourth to 8 chapters. First, it analyzes the influence of the birth policy on the abnormal change of birth sex ratio, and first proposes that the role of the birth policy needs to be answered by the family, and the operation of the birth policy is between the government and the family. In this study, this study holds that one child dominated childbearing policy is in accordance with the start time of the reform of rural management system, and then the rise of birth sex ratio has emerged. This is a coincidence of historical opportunities. In the context of the implementation of the rural joint production contract system, even if there is no birth. The family will also make a preference for the boy's choice by squeezing the number of family births. The policy of "advocating one child" is only playing the role of "pushing hands" or "helping hands". Then, from four dimensions of family economic factors, family culture inheritance, family birth decision and family court thrust mechanism, the ratio of birth sex ratio is higher respectively. In the family economic factors, the child's cost and benefit, the child as the family endowment resources, the family resources distribution and the family inheritance are regarded as the important conditions for the birth decision, and the systematic demonstration is carried out. The ideological root of the formation of sex preference, through the analysis of the first place of the family is the socialization of people and the first teacher of the child, the family culture of family generation, family culture, family and father's family culture as well as the son and father's surname, and the woman from the husband, only the boy can pass the birth culture to the family decision making. In the family birth decision, the thesis emphasizes that the subject of fertility is the first person in the birth decision, the decision of the birth control is determined by the fertility reason, that is, the individual economic rationality and the non economic rationality of the subject are dominated by the family's birth decision. In different attitudes, if the reproductive subject regards the investment in the boy as the accumulation of family wealth and the loss of the investment to the girl's family property, it will inevitably stimulate the activity and strengthening of the preference of the boys, and then lead to the intervention of the sex and the rise of the sex ratio at birth. In the family thrust mechanism, the family is first proposed. The proposition of thrust is defined, the logical relationship between various elements of family thrust is analyzed, and the analysis model of family thrust mechanism is constructed. And taking Heilongjiang Province as an example, the comprehensive index of dynamic evaluation of gender structure imbalance in Heilongjiang province is calculated by using the analysis model constructed in this study. The third part includes ninth to 10 chapters, On the basis of analyzing the family influence factors of the abnormal birth sex ratio, the study introduced the study to the social practice of comprehensive treatment of birth sex ratio. Firstly, the framework of "action plan" was introduced, and the practical experience of creating and accumulating in the "action plan" was summarized, which was summed up as "six "Project" and "six degree effect", and use the actual data of six provinces and regions to carry out an empirical study. Through the evaluation of the actual effect of the "action plan", it is pointed out that there are three short boards in the "action plan" design, such as the precision of the target missing, the limitation of the action plan, the lack of operability of the task, and the analysis of the "action plan". The action plan "designs the negative effect of the short board. The paper takes" comprehensive treatment of the path selection of the abnormal change of birth sex ratio ". It aims to transform the theoretical research into practical results and guide the development of innovation. The paper puts forward a comprehensive management of gender ratio of birth to social gender equality and the promotion of gender mainstreaming. In the direction of the omni-directional governance transformation, four development goals and 18 specific evaluation indexes are designed to indicate the best way to achieve the goal - the construction of social and family interaction mechanism, and the suggestions to adjust the key areas with high sex ratio at birth, and so on. These countermeasures suggest the comprehensive treatment of birth sex. This study adheres to the basic concept and thinking of road confidence, theoretical confidence and institutional confidence, and puts forward a "family power system" model that affects the abnormal change in birth sex ratio, and makes a scientific interpretation; through screening and evaluation. The index system of birth sex ratio with family factors as the core is constructed, and the concept of governance based on the core of fertility is emphasized, and the emphasis on the comprehensive treatment of the higher sex ratio of birth to the family level is put on the family level, and the governance measures are connected to the ground gas.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：C924.24

【参考文献】