石狮市实施全面两孩政策的效果评估及优化研究

发布时间：2018-05-13 02:43

本文选题：全面两孩政策 + 计划生育　；参考：《华侨大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：2016年1月1日,全面两孩政策在全国各地同步实施,政策明确提出一对夫妇可生育两个孩子,结束了我国长达30多年鼓励一对夫妻只生育一个孩子的生育政策,这是我国计划生育政策的一次重大调整。目前,全面两孩政策已经实施满一周年,为了评估石狮市全面两孩政策实施效果,本次研究根据生育政策的特点和评估的可操作性,设置了政策满意度、政策知晓率、总和生育率、出生人口性别比和出生人流比五个指标作为全面两孩政策的评估标准,采用查阅文献、问卷调查、电话访谈和政策实施前后对比等方法对五个指标进测算。评估结果认为石狮市全面两孩政策宣传力度大,群众的政策满意度和知晓率都比较高;通过政策实施前后对比、政策实施效果与预期目标对比,得出全面两孩政策在短期内将提升石狮市的生育水平,但随着因政策堆积生育需求的释放完毕和生育旺盛期育龄妇女的减少,生育水平又将迅速回落,2020年石狮市人口总和生育率达到1.8的政策预期目标难以完成;同时认为全面两孩政策有助于对于降低石狮市出生人口性别比,但政策也存在非预期的不良效果,即政策实施后石狮市孕妇人流引产数大幅增加。为优化石狮市全面两孩政策的实施效果,本文通过对分析石狮市全面两孩政策的存在问题及原因,提出如下建议:合理配置公共服务资源,降低群众的生育成本;完善妇女就业保障措施,缓解妇女生育和就业矛盾;规范孕产妇保健流程,降低妇女生育风险;监测评估政策实施效果,适时调整完善生育政策。
[Abstract]:On January 1, 2016, a comprehensive two-child policy was implemented in all parts of the country. The policy explicitly proposes that a couple can have two children, ending the policy of encouraging a couple to have only one child in our country for more than 30 years. This is a major adjustment of our country's family planning policy. At present, the comprehensive two-child policy has already completed its first anniversary. In order to assess the effect of the comprehensive two-child policy in Shishi City, this study has set up policy satisfaction and policy awareness rates according to the characteristics of the fertility policy and the operability of the evaluation. The total fertility rate, sex ratio of birth population and birth flow ratio are taken as the evaluation criteria of the comprehensive two-child policy. The five indexes are measured by the methods of literature review, questionnaire survey, telephone interview and comparison before and after the implementation of the policy. The evaluation results show that the overall two-child policy in Shishi City is highly publicized, and the policy satisfaction and awareness rate of the masses are relatively high. Through the comparison of the policy implementation before and after the policy implementation, the policy implementation effect is compared with the expected goal. It is concluded that the comprehensive two-child policy will raise the fertility level of Shishi City in the short term, but with the release of the accumulated reproductive demand due to the policy and the decrease of women of childbearing age during the fertile boom period, The fertility level will soon fall back again, and the policy target of reaching 1.8% of the total fertility rate in Shishi City by 2020 will be difficult to achieve. At the same time, it is believed that the comprehensive two-child policy will help to reduce the sex ratio of the population born in Shishi City. However, the policy also has unexpected adverse effects, that is, the number of induced labor of pregnant women in Shishi City increased significantly after the implementation of the policy. In order to optimize the implementation effect of the comprehensive two-child policy in Shishi City, this paper analyzes the existing problems and causes of the two-child policy in Shishi City, and puts forward the following suggestions: reasonable allocation of public service resources to reduce the fertility costs of the masses; We should perfect the measures of ensuring women's employment, alleviate the contradiction between women's birth and employment, standardize the flow of maternal health care, reduce the risk of women's fertility, monitor and evaluate the effect of policy implementation, and adjust and perfect the policy of birth in good time.
【学位授予单位】：华侨大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：C924.21

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