日本少子化及其对教育的影响研究

发布时间：2018-05-30 05:02

本文选题：日本 + 少子化　；参考：《吉林大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：全球人口年龄结构正在发生巨大变化。虽然很多发展中国家仍然处于较高的人口增长水平,但各国却表现出总和生育率持续下降的趋势。生育率下降的过程中,各国正经历人口转变的过程,其人口结构也在发生变化。人口年龄结构变化导致的少子化和老龄化问题,已经成为多数国家正在面临的人口问题,其中日本的少子化问题尤为严重。1970年至今,日本的人口结构在短短几十年时间里发生了巨变,1970年可以看作是日本少子老龄化社会的开端。2016年,日本0~14岁人口比例进一步减少到12.7%,64岁以上人口比例增至26.4%,日本已经步入了超少子老龄化社会。研究日本超少子高龄化社会的现状及其对教育的影响,有助于对世界其他国家,特别是中国提供借鉴。本文共分为5章:第1章主要分析日本少子老龄化社会的研究背景及意义,总结概括国内外文献研究现状,明确本文的研究方法。第2章主要分析日本少子化的现状和原因,系统介绍日本少子化的历史变动与现状,并分析日本少子化的成因。第3章从人口数量、人口年龄结构、地域分布等角度,分析日本少子化的特征和发展趋势。第4章主要从家庭教育、学前教育和高等教育三个方面,分析日本少子化对其教育的影响。第5章梳理阐述了日本应对少子化的政策及其实施效果,简要分析了中国少子化现状,并借鉴日本的经验,提出了部分政策建议。
[Abstract]:The age structure of the global population is changing dramatically. While many developing countries are still at high levels of population growth, countries are showing a continuing decline in total fertility. In the process of fertility decline, countries are undergoing a demographic transition and their demographic structure is changing. The problem of minority children and ageing caused by changes in the age structure of the population has become a demographic problem facing most countries, especially in Japan. Japan's demographic structure has changed dramatically in just a few decades, and 1970 could be seen as the beginning of an aging society for minority children in Japan. The proportion of people aged 14 and 14 in Japan has been further reduced to 12.7and over the age of 64, rising to 26.4k.Japan has entered an aging society with super-minority children. The study of the current situation and its influence on education in Japan is helpful to other countries in the world, especially to China. This paper is divided into five chapters: chapter 1 mainly analyzes the background and significance of the research on the aging society of minority children in Japan, summarizes the domestic and foreign literature research status, and clarifies the research methods of this paper. The second chapter mainly analyzes the present situation and reasons of Japanese minority children, systematically introduces the historical changes and present situation of Japanese minority children, and analyzes the causes of Japanese minority children. Chapter 3 analyzes the characteristics and development trend of minority children in Japan from the aspects of population size, population age structure and regional distribution. Chapter 4 analyzes the influence of minority education in Japan from three aspects: family education, preschool education and higher education. In chapter 5, the author expounds the policy and implementation effect of Japanese minority policy, briefly analyzes the present situation of minority children in China, and draws lessons from Japan's experience, and puts forward some policy suggestions.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：C924.313

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