潘光旦与中国近代优生学的创立

发布时间：2018-06-17 12:07

本文选题：潘光旦 + 优生学　；参考：《杭州师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：优生学是一门难以在中国古代寻访其先世谱系的的学科,由于它与国民素质提高问题相关联,契合了近代中国救亡图存的主题要求,因而成为近代中国知识分子追求国家与民族兴亡道路过程中必然要涉及的学科领域。近代中国,潘光旦首先把西方优生学传播到中国并与中国教育现状相结合,把传统意义上的优生学学科发展为充盈着丰富的人格教育和素质教育的教学理念的学科,形成了具有鲜明特色的优生学教育思想,丰富和拓展了优生学的学科内涵和在中国的特殊作用。第一,在对西方优生学的介绍中,潘光旦把以生物学为理论基础的优生学,添加了丰富的中国传统文化内涵,为优生学在中国的传播和扎根提供了中国文化的土壤。第二,潘光旦把优生学与社会学相联系,用生物学来解释优生文化,为近代中国知识分子关于民族素质的研究和民族救亡的思考提供了一种新的学科视野。第三,潘光旦把优生学与人文思想相联系,强调优生学是以“人”为中心的,优生学要培养的人是具有丰富人文素养的、具有健全的人格的人。第四,优生学是研究人类遗传,改进人种的一门科学。潘光旦将其定义为一门学科,虽然其基础是遗传学和生物学,却与复杂的人和社会相联系,与教育相关联。他把女子教育和通才教育视为人格教育最重要的两个途径与方法,只有发展好人格教育才能培养出优秀的民族分子,达到整个民族的优生。潘光旦不仅把优生学引入了中国近代学科和课程建设的领域,他所基于优生学所阐发的人格教育等诸多教育的命题对于当代也颇具借鉴和指导作用。
[Abstract]:Eugenics is a discipline which is difficult to find its lineage in ancient China. Because it is related to the improvement of the quality of the people, it accords with the theme of saving the nation from death in modern China. Therefore, modern Chinese intellectuals must be involved in the course of national and national rise and fall. In modern China, Pan Guangdan first spread the western eugenics to China and combined it with the present situation of Chinese education. In the traditional sense of eugenics, he developed the subject of eugenics into one that is full of rich teaching ideas of personality education and quality-oriented education. It has formed the educational thought of eugenics with distinct characteristics, enriched and expanded the subject connotation of eugenics and its special role in China. First, in the introduction of western eugenics, Pan Guangdan adds rich connotation of Chinese traditional culture to eugenics based on biology, and provides the soil of Chinese culture for spreading and taking root of eugenics in China. Second, Pan Guangdan connected eugenics with sociology and explained eugenics culture by biology, which provided a new subject for modern Chinese intellectuals to study their national quality and think about national salvation. Third, Pan Guangdan linked eugenics with humanistic thought, emphasizing that eugenics is centered on "man", and that the person to be cultivated by eugenics is a person with rich humanistic qualities and sound personality. Fourthly, eugenics is a science that studies human genetics and improves human race. Pan Guangdan defines it as a subject, which, although based on genetics and biology, is associated with complex people and society, and with education. He regards women's education and generalist education as the two most important ways and methods of personality education. Only by developing a good personality education can we cultivate excellent ethnic elements and achieve the excellent students of the whole nation. Pan Guangdan not only introduced eugenics into the field of subjects and curriculum construction in modern China, but also drew lessons and guidance from his many educational propositions based on the personality education elucidated by eugenics.
【学位授予单位】：杭州师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：C923

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