H市80、90后群体生育观念转变及影响因素研究

发布时间：2018-06-19 18:58

本文选题：生育 + 生育观念　；参考：《安徽大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：生育是人口在生产过程中的一个重要环节,它对人口的规模、结构等都具有重要的意义。人类的生育活动不同于动物,他们在生育活动中做出的各种选择并不完全是自然发生的行为,这些选择既会受到客观的经济社会发展的制约,也会受到人口自身发展周期的影响,具有独特的社会性。生育观念作为人们对整个生育过程中各个方面的看法,它的转变受到经济、社会等客观条件的影响,同时它又独立地影响着人们在生育行为中的选择。人口政策是调节人口变动的一种公共政策,它的制定实施能够宏观地引导个体生育活动中的选择,直接或间接地影响和干预一个国家或地区的人口发展方向。我国是世界人口大国,建国以来,我国政府就十分重视人口政策尤其是生育政策的颁布实施,20世纪60年代开始提倡节育,80年代正式开始实施严格的“一孩化”计划生育政策,过去几十年人口政策的推行有效地控制了我国的人口规模和人口发展速度,是人们生育观念转变的重要影响因素之一改革开放以来,我国经济开始了突飞猛进的增长,物质、社会等条件发生了巨大的转变,人口大环境也随之开始改变。长期计划生育政策的实施虽然减少了我国人口的绝对数量,但出生性别比失衡、老龄化加速等人口结构问题日益凸显,我国政府也适时调整了计划生育政策,开始全面放开二孩。面对这些巨变,我国人口生育观念的转变也更加迅速,尤其表现在随着改革开放一起成长的80、90后群体生育观念的变化上。到2015年,80、90后群体处于25-35岁的生育高峰年龄,成为我国当前主要的育龄群体,他们生育观念的转变过程、转变结果及其转变原因等都与我国未来人口的发展有着密切的联系。他们在改革开放后出生、长大,更深刻地体会到我国经济社会的发展历程,信息化的发展、文化传播的加剧也进一步促进了他们对于生育活动观念的变化与多元。从H市80、90后群体的随机抽样调查中可见,当前H市80、90后群体生育观念已经发生转变,“早、多、男”等传统生育观念逐渐被晚婚晚育、优生优育、男孩女孩都一样等现代生育观念所取代。在性别、年龄、受教育程度、工作收入情况和家庭组成情况等横向因素上,H市80、90后生育观念转变结果的现状存在一定程度上的差异,可见,现在人们生育观念的转变更多地受到家庭、社会环境等方面的影响,计划生育等相关政策的发展变革虽然仍对他们的生育观念有导向作用,但其影响程度明显减弱。本文结构包括四个方面的内容：第一部分主要介绍了生育观念转变的经济、社会、文化、政策等方面的背景环境,总结分析了目前国内外学者对于生育观念现状、转变及其影响因素的研究成果,阐述了生育观念转变的人口学理论基础,提出了本文的研究方法和理论逻辑。第二部分主要从生育数量、生育时间和间隔、性别偏好以及生育目的四个方面纵向阐述了H市80、90后群体生育观念转变的具体表现,得出了他们的生育观念已经基本完成了从传统型向现代型的转变。第三部分主要从人口特征差异、就业状况差异和婚姻家庭状况差异三个方面横向分析了本次H市80、90后群体生育观念的调查结果,详细论述了他们生育观念转变中的程度差异及可能的影响因素。第四部分结合前两部分的调查结果,进一步总结了经济因素、社会因素、政策因素和文化因素对生育观念转变产生的主要影响,分析了影响因素促进生育观念转变的具体路径,得出了生育观念的转变是一个有机复杂的过程,不管是国家经济政策转变等宏观因素,还是个体自身的家庭、工作等微观因素,都在人们生育观念的转变过程中发挥着不可忽视的作用。
[Abstract]:Birth is an important part of the population in the process of production. It is of great significance to the scale and structure of the population. The human reproductive activities are different from the animals. The choices they make in their reproductive activities are not completely natural. These choices will be restricted by the objective economic and social development, and will also be restricted by the economic and social development. Influenced by the development cycle of the population itself, it has a unique social nature. The concept of fertility, as a person's views on all aspects of the whole birth process, is influenced by the objective conditions of economy and society, and it influences the choice of people in the behavior of childbirth independently. Public policy, its formulation and implementation can directly guide the selection of individual fertility activities, directly or indirectly affect and intervene in the direction of population development in a country or region. China is a world population big country. Since the founding of the people's Republic, our government has attached great importance to the promulgation and implementation of population policy, especially the birth policy, and began in 1960s. To promote birth control, the strict "one child" family planning policy was formally implemented in 80s. In the past few decades, the implementation of population policy has effectively controlled the population size and the speed of population development in our country. It is one of the important factors affecting the transformation of people's conception of fertility to reform and open, and the economy of our country has begun to increase rapidly. There has been a great change in quality and social conditions, and the large population environment has begun to change. The implementation of the long-term family planning policy has reduced the absolute number of the population in our country, but the imbalance of the sex ratio at birth and the acceleration of the aging of the aging have become increasingly prominent. The government has also adjusted the family planning policy in a timely manner and began to open up a full scale. Two children. In the face of these great changes, the concept of population reproduction in China has changed more rapidly, especially in the change of the concept of fertility of 80, 90 after the development of reform and opening up. By 2015, the group of 80, 90s was at the age of peak of 25-35 years of birth, and became the main group of child-bearing age in our country, and the process of changing their conception of fertility, The result of the transformation and the reasons for its transformation are closely related to the development of our country's future population. They were born and grew up after the reform and opening up. They have been more deeply aware of the development process of our country's economic society, the development of information and the intensification of cultural communication, which have further promoted the changes and pluralism of their concept of fertility activities. From the city of H 8 In the random sampling survey of the group 0, after 90, it is found that the concept of fertility of group H after 80, 90 has changed. The traditional concept of "early, many, male" has been gradually replaced by late marriage and late childbearing, eugenics and childbirth, boys and girls are all replaced by modern conception of birth. On the horizontal factor, there is a certain difference in the result of the transformation of the concept of birth concept after 80, 90 in H city. It can be seen that the change of people's conception of fertility is more influenced by family and social environment, and the development and change of family planning policies still have a guiding role on their birth concept, but it affects Cheng Duming. The structure of this article includes four aspects: the first part mainly introduces the background of the economic, social, cultural, policy and other aspects of the transformation of the concept of fertility, summarizes and analyzes the research results of the current domestic and foreign scholars on the status quo of the concept of fertility, the transformation and its influencing factors, and expounds the demography theory of the transformation of the concept of fertility. The research method and theoretical logic of this article are put forward. The second part is mainly from the four aspects of the fertility number, birth time and interval, sex preference and the purpose of fertility. The concrete expression of the transformation of the concept of fertility in the group H after 80, 90 is described, and the conception of their fertility has been basically completed from the traditional to the modern. The third part mainly from three aspects of the difference of population characteristics, employment status and marriage and family status differences. The results of the survey on the concept of fertility in the group H after 80, 90 were analyzed, and the degree difference and possible influencing factors in the transformation of their fertility concept were discussed in detail. The fourth part combined with the results of the previous two parts. One step is to sum up the main effects of economic, social, policy and cultural factors on the transformation of the concept of fertility. It analyzes the specific path of the influence factors to promote the transformation of the concept of fertility, and draws a conclusion that the transformation of the concept of fertility is an organic and complex process, regardless of the macroeconomic factors such as the transformation of the country's economic policy, or the individual self. The micro factors such as family, work and so on play an important role in the transformation of people's conception of childbearing.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：C924.21

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