我国民工荒问题分析

发布时间：2018-06-20 21:11

本文选题：民工荒 + 二元经济理论　；参考：《吉林大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国在实行改革开放政策以来经济增长速度显著增加，这与我国拥有着大量的廉价劳动力是分不开的，，一直以来我国都享受着这种人口红利带来的优势，但自从2004年下半年这种情况发生了变化，起先从东南沿海传来了企业用工荒的消息，经过了2008年的金融危机后，企业用工荒问题愈演愈厉，变成了一个波及全国，不分区域的难题。笔者通过走访企业和数据分析，深入探讨了产生这一问题的原因，总结了七个方面，分别包括季节性短缺、结构性短缺、工资过低、农民工群体的逐利选择、区域短期替代、新生代农民工的观念变化以及人口波动带来的影响。以上种种社会经济因素共同促成了民工荒这一问题的出现，这些可被认为是民工荒问题的基础原因。而后笔者用托达罗模型进一步分析民工荒这一问题，并根据我国的现实情况进行修正，分析结果显示我国现行的二元户籍管理制度是民工荒问题出现的深层次原因，严格的城乡区分桎梏了农村劳动力向城市的转移。当今很多学者认为民工荒现象表明我国已进入刘易斯拐点，即劳动力由几乎无限供给转变为劳动力供给不足。笔者运用刘易斯模型对这种理论进行分析，并根据我国的现实情况对这一经典模型进行改进使其能够更加准确的反映我国实际，得出如今的劳动力供给稀缺现象只是我国进入刘易斯拐点的一种假象，我国劳动力供给在未来很长一段时间内依然相对充足而稳定。民工荒问题对我国社会经济的影响是显而易见的，但许多人只注意到了其消极影响，如对我国劳动密集型企业的冲击，使一些主要劳动流入地区失去其原本优势等。笔者在深入探讨了这一问题对我国经济社会的消极影响的基础上，也注意到了民工荒问题的积极影响，笔者主要从加速我国企业的产业结构升级、促进劳动密集型产业的梯度转移、加强农民工权益的保障三方面进行阐述。最后，针对以上种种民工荒问题出现的原因和其对经济社会产生的影响，提出解决这一问题的对策，主要从企业、农民工和政府三方面论述。能否妥善解决好这一问题，影响到我国经济是否能平稳较快发展，对我国经济的平稳运行具有重大意义。
[Abstract]:Since the implementation of the policy of reform and opening up, China's economic growth rate has increased significantly, which is inseparable from the fact that China has a large number of cheap labor forces. All along, our country has enjoyed the advantages of this demographic dividend. However, since the second half of 2004, the situation has changed. At first, the news of the shortage of enterprise workers came from the southeast coast. After the financial crisis of 2008, the problem of the shortage of enterprise workers became more and more serious and became a nationwide one. A problem of no region. By visiting enterprises and analyzing data, the author deeply discusses the causes of this problem, and summarizes seven aspects, including seasonal shortage, structural shortage, low wages, the choice of migrant workers, regional short-term substitution. The new generation of migrant workers concept changes and the impact of population fluctuations. These social and economic factors have contributed to the emergence of the problem of migrant workers, which can be considered as the basic cause of the problem. Then the author uses the Todaro model to further analyze the problem of the shortage of migrant workers, and according to the reality of our country, the analysis results show that the current dual household registration management system is the deep-seated cause of the shortage of migrant workers. The strict distinction between urban and rural areas has restricted the transfer of rural labor to cities. Nowadays, many scholars think that the phenomenon of labor shortage indicates that our country has entered the Lewis inflection point, that is, the labor force has changed from an almost infinite supply to a labor shortage. The author uses Lewis model to analyze this theory, and improves the classical model according to the reality of our country so that it can reflect the reality of our country more accurately. It is concluded that the scarcity of labor supply is only an illusion that our country has entered the Lewis inflection point, and the supply of labor force in our country is still relatively sufficient and stable for a long time in the future. The problem of labor shortage has obvious influence on the social economy of our country, but many people only pay attention to its negative influence, such as the impact on the labor-intensive enterprises in our country, so that some main labor inflow areas lose their original advantages and so on. On the basis of deeply discussing the negative influence of this problem on our country's economy and society, the author also pays attention to the positive influence of the problem of the shortage of migrant workers. The author mainly starts from speeding up the upgrading of the industrial structure of our country's enterprises. Promote the gradient transfer of labor-intensive industries and strengthen the protection of migrant workers' rights and interests. Finally, in view of the causes of the above problems and their impact on the economy and society, the author puts forward the countermeasures to solve this problem, mainly from the three aspects of enterprises, migrant workers and the government. Whether we can properly solve this problem will affect the steady and rapid development of our country's economy, which is of great significance to the smooth operation of our country's economy.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F323.6;C92-05

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