甘南藏族自治州人口与环境问题研究

发布时间：2018-06-22 20:50

本文选题：甘南藏族自治州 + 人口　；参考：《北京林业大学》2010年博士论文

【摘要】： 甘南藏族自治州主要以传统畜牧业和农业为主,贫困人口比重大,人口的增长速度快,使人口与粮食、资源、环境的矛盾日益加剧。研究甘南州的人口与环境问题,不仅有利于当地的生态环境的保护和建设与人口问题的解决,也有利于周边地区的生态环境和人民生活水平的提高。甘南州草地植被是这一地区的主要生态屏障,关系着周边地区的生态安全。论文概括和总结了前人对人口与环境问题研究的理论成果,在社会调查和收集相关文献资料的基础上,对以下问题逐次展开研究。界定人口与环境问题研究的相关概念,提出甘南藏族自治州人口与环境问题的分析框架。在此基础上,归纳了研究甘南州人口与环境问题的理论基础。与甘南州人口与环境问题研究的相关理论主要有适度人口理论、人口转变理论、发展与环境的关系理论、外部性理论、可持续发展理论和科学发展观。根据甘南州自然资源和生态环境的历史以及现状的调查,甘南州的自然资源丰富,生态环境破坏严重,环境保护和建设的力度在不断加大。但是,甘南藏族自治州生态环境恶化的局面还没有得到根本扭转,草场“三化”问题严重,森林遭到破坏,水资源日益紧张,生物多样性锐减,水土流失加剧。研究了甘南州人口发展状况,尤其是对甘南州的人口规模、人口过程、人口结构、计划生育和人口控制问题作了详细的考察。总体上看,甘南藏族自治州的人口转变处与高出生率和低死亡率为特征的第二阶段,这个阶段的人口对环境的压力最大。甘南藏族自治州的人口与环境关系具有明显的紧张性、急迫性、长期性特点。影响甘南州生态环境的主要人口因素是：人口增长速度过快、贫困人口比较多、生态移民以及主体人口从事的产业-畜牧业生产方式和甘南人口的环境意识。从人口、资源、经济匹配模式关系的类型分,甘南州属于超载类的第一种情况,即：er1,人口经济压力大于人口资源压力,且两者承载力都超载。用社会学的方法对甘南州的环境问题做了问卷调查和案例研究,考察了当地居民对环境问题的认识、理解和建议。提出了甘南藏族自治州人口、资源与环境协调发展的对策：发展甘南经济促进人口转变与环境保护；强化政府干预与政策协调,实现人口与环境的可持续发展；落实计划生育政策,长期不懈地控制甘南人口增长；落实科学发展观,进一步推进甘南州生态环境治理；继续贯彻实施《全国生态环境保护纲要》,促进甘南州环境保护；开展环境教育,提高甘南人口的环境保护意识。
[Abstract]:Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture is dominated by traditional animal husbandry and agriculture, with a large proportion of the poor population and rapid population growth, which makes the contradiction between population and grain, resources and environment more and more serious. The study of population and environment in Gannan is not only conducive to the protection and construction of local ecological environment and the solution of population problems, but also conducive to the improvement of ecological environment and people's living standard in the surrounding areas. Grassland vegetation in Gannan is the main ecological barrier in this area, which is related to the ecological security of surrounding areas. This paper summarizes and summarizes the theoretical achievements of previous researches on population and environment. Based on social investigation and collection of relevant literature, the following problems are studied successively. This paper defines the related concepts of population and environment problems, and puts forward the analytical framework of population and environment problems in Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture. On this basis, the theoretical basis for the study of population and environment in Gannan is summarized. The theories related to the study of population and environment in Gannan mainly include moderate population theory, population transition theory, relation theory between development and environment, externality theory, sustainable development theory and scientific development view. According to the investigation of the history and present situation of natural resources and ecological environment in Gannan Prefecture, the natural resources in Gannan Prefecture are abundant, the ecological environment is destroyed seriously, and the intensity of environmental protection and construction is increasing continuously. However, the deterioration of ecological environment in Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture has not been fundamentally reversed, the "three modernizations" in grassland are serious, forests are destroyed, water resources are increasingly tight, biodiversity is decreasing sharply, and soil erosion is aggravated. The population development in Gannan is studied, especially the population size, population process, population structure, family planning and population control in Gannan. In general, the population transition in Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture is associated with the second stage characterized by high birth rate and low mortality rate, and this stage has the greatest population pressure on the environment. The relationship between population and environment in Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture is characterized by obvious tension, urgency and long term. The main population factors affecting the ecological environment in Gannan are: rapid population growth, large number of poor people, ecological migration and the industrial-animal husbandry production mode of the main population and the environmental awareness of the Gannan population. According to the types of population, resources and economic matching patterns, Gannan belongs to the first case of overload category, that is, the population economic pressure is greater than the population resource pressure, and the carrying capacity of both is overloaded. A questionnaire survey and a case study of environmental problems in Gannan state were carried out by means of sociology, and the understanding, understanding and suggestions of local residents on environmental problems were investigated. The countermeasures of the coordinated development of population, resources and environment in Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture are put forward: to develop Gannan economy to promote population transformation and environmental protection, to strengthen government intervention and policy coordination, and to realize the sustainable development of population and environment. To implement the family planning policy, to control the population growth in Gannan for a long time; to implement the scientific concept of development, to further promote the ecological environment management in Gannan; to continue to implement the National Program for the Protection of the Ecological Environment, and to promote environmental protection in Gannan; Environmental education should be carried out to improve the awareness of environmental protection of the Gannan population.
【学位授予单位】：北京林业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：C924.2;X2

【引证文献】