安徽人口老龄化对社会发展的影响研究

发布时间：2018-07-09 09:32

本文选题：人口老龄化 + 社会发展　；参考：《安徽大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：一个国家的经济发展需要良好的人口环境,所谓良好的人口环境则指适量的人口、较高的人口素质及合理的人口结构。而人口结构老龄化,则说明了人口年龄结构已经发生了根本的变化,毫无疑问,这种变化将给一个社会的政治、经济、文化带来重大影响,新的影响势必要求我们对多种社会关系和社会活动做出适当的调整,从而使其与变动的人口年龄结构相适应。西方发达国家的发展历史表明,人口结构老龄化是现代化的一大标志,是经济社会发展到一定阶段尤其是经济相对富裕,社会相对文明,居民生活相对安定后的必然产物。但值得说明的是,人口老龄化虽然是现代化的一个标志,但它不是现代化的目标,它更是现代化的副产品。人口结构老龄化会导致社会的养老问题加剧和劳动力短缺从而导致经济增长缓慢乃至停滞,而停滞的经济则使社会的养老问题更加严峻。改革开放三十多年来,我国经济社会的发展取得极大成就,举国上下在通往现代化的路子上迈出了一大步,而人口结构老龄化在计划生育这一基本国策的长期落实之下,也提前到来了。安徽地区以农业为主,外出务工人员相对较多。人口结构老龄化也相当严重。据有关部门的统计数据,1998年安徽省65岁及以上的老年人口比重已经达到7.02%,标志着安徽省人口年龄结构已转变为老年型,且比全国提早进入老龄化社会,同时,安徽人口老龄化的程度和增长速度始终保持在全国前列。正是基于这一事实,笔者选取了安徽地区作为对象研究人口老龄化与社会发展的关系。人口学理论认为,低生育率、低死亡率与预期寿命的延长是人口老龄化产生的原因,同时这也是人口结构老龄化的标志。对于为何出现低生育率、低死亡率和预期寿命延长这三种现象,人口学者已给了多种解释。但西方人口理论由于缺乏中国的独特国情这一理论基石,故用来解释中国人口结构老龄化提前到来这一问题时遇到局限,它们不能解释我国“未富先老”的社会事实,而西方人口学家针对西方的老龄化开出的药方,比如福利国家也难以解决中国面临的老龄化病症。就目前而言,人口老龄问题已经成为当今具有世界意义的问题,人口结构老龄化既关涉到每一个社会成员,又会影响到经济和社会生活的各个方面,并且这两个因素会互相贯通。具体地来看,人口结构老龄化会影响到社会的结构和社会关系,而这些则将我们常见的养老、医疗健康、家庭等问题凸显出来。另一方面,人口结构老龄化会影响文化观念和教育事业的发展。如何应对人口结构老龄化带来的挑战也是学界一直关注的焦点,笔者认为,我们必须坚持用马克思主义理论来武装自己,从安徽省的客观情况出发,统筹兼顾、综合考虑我们碰到的特殊问题。除此之外,我们还要大力发展经济,以提高应对人口结构老龄化的压力,建立与完善相应的政策法律法规和社会保障制度也是应对人口结构老龄化的重要手段。事实上,完善老龄化社会的社会保障机制,从制度层面保障老年人的合法权益,以让老龄人口“老有所用,老有所养,老有所乐”,即将人口结构老龄化转化为健康老龄化才是应对人口结构老龄化问题的根本对策,在这一点上,安徽理应走出一条具有社会主义特色的老龄化问题解决之路。安徽省人口老龄化是安徽经济社会发展的必然趋势,是一个挑战与机遇并存的人口运动过程,对安徽省的社会发展将产生广泛而深远的影响。有鉴于此,本文运用人口转变理论、福利经济学和健康老龄化理论,探讨安徽人口老龄化对社会发展的有利与不利影响。与此同时,笔者也将对安徽省人口由成年型转向老年型这一人口转变做出解释。另外,在分析人口现状及人口老龄化给社会经济发展造成的影响之后,笔者还会结合安徽省具体的省情提出几点对策,以抛砖引玉。通过研究我们将认识到老龄化问题在安徽省的迫切性。因此,相关部门应在抓住人口老龄化机遇的同时,更要注重人口老龄化给社会发展带来的挑战,以及时做好准备工作,将人口老龄化的压力有效转化为社会经济发展的推动力,同时将人口结构老龄化给社会带来的不利因素转化为对社会发展的有利因素,最终加快安徽的经济和社会发展。
[Abstract]:The economic development of a country needs a good population environment, and the so-called good population environment refers to the proper population, the higher quality of the population and the reasonable population structure. And the aging of the population structure shows that the age structure of the population has undergone fundamental changes. No doubt, this change will give a social political, economic, and text. The new impact is bound to make appropriate adjustments to a variety of social relations and social activities so that it adapts to a changing population age structure.
The history of the development of western developed countries shows that the aging of the population structure is a major symbol of modernization. It is the inevitable product of the economic and social development to a certain stage, especially the relative prosperity of the economy, the relative civilization of the society and the relative stability of the residents' life. However, it is worth explaining that the aging of the population is a symbol of modernization, but it is not a symbol of modernization. The goal of modernization is a modern by-product. The aging of the population structure will lead to the aggravation of the social pension problems and the shortage of labor force, which leads to the slow economic growth and the stagnation, while the stagnant economy makes the social pension problem more serious.
Over the past thirty years of reform and opening up, the development of our country's economic and social development has made great achievements. The country has taken a big step in the road to modernization, and the aging of the population structure has come ahead in the long run of the basic national policy of family planning. The Anhui area is mainly agricultural and the migrant workers are relatively large. Population, population, is relatively large. The aging of the structure is also very serious. According to the statistics of relevant departments, the proportion of aged 65 and above in Anhui has reached 7.02% in 1998, which indicates that the age structure of the population of Anhui has changed into the old type, and it has entered the aging society earlier than the whole country. At the same time, the degree and growth rate of the aging of the people of Anhui have always been kept in the whole. On the basis of this fact, the author chose Anhui as an object to study the relationship between population aging and social development.
The demographic theory holds that low fertility, low mortality and prolonged life expectancy are the causes of aging population, and this is also a sign of the aging of population structure. Demographers have given a variety of explanations for the three phenomena of low fertility, low mortality and prolonged life expectancy. China's unique national conditions are the cornerstone of the theory, so it is limited to explain the early arrival of the aging population of China's population structure. They cannot explain the social fact that China is "not rich before the old", and the Western demographers prescribe the prescription of the aging of the west, such as the welfare state, which is difficult to solve the aging of China. Illness.
At present, the problem of population aging has become a worldwide problem. The aging of the population structure is not only related to every member of the society, but also affects all aspects of economic and social life, and these two factors will interconnect with each other.
In particular, the aging of the population structure will affect the social structure and social relations, which will highlight the common problems of our old age, medical health and family. On the other hand, the aging of the population structure will affect the development of cultural concepts and educational undertakings. How to deal with the challenges of the aging of the population structure is also the academic circle. The focus of our attention is that we must adhere to the theory of Marx's doctrine to arm ourselves, start from the objective situation of Anhui Province, give consideration to all the special problems we have encountered. In addition, we must vigorously develop the economy in order to improve the pressure to cope with the aging of the population structure and establish and improve the corresponding policies. The policy laws and regulations and the social security system are also the important means to deal with the aging of the population structure. In fact, improving the social security mechanism of the aging society and guaranteeing the legitimate rights and interests of the elderly from the institutional level so as to make the aging population "old, old and old, old and happy", and turn the aging of the population structure into a healthy aging. It is the fundamental countermeasure to deal with the aging problem of population structure. In this regard, Anhui should go out of the way to solve the problem of aging with socialist characteristics.
The aging of population in Anhui province is an inevitable trend of economic and social development in Anhui. It is a process of population movement with both challenges and opportunities, which will have extensive and far-reaching influence on the social development of Anhui province. At the same time, the author will also explain the population change from adult to old age type in Anhui province. In addition, after analyzing the current situation of population and the impact of population aging on social and economic development, the author will also put forward several countermeasures in combination with specific provincial situation in Anhui Province, in order to throw bricks and bricks. Through the study, we will recognize the urgency of the aging problem in Anhui province. Therefore, the relevant departments should pay more attention to the challenges brought by the aging of the population to the social development, in order to make preparations for the aging of the population and transform the aging pressure into the impetus of the social and economic development. At the same time, the unfavorable factors of aging of population structure to the society will be transformed into favorable factors for social development, and ultimately accelerate the economic and social development of Anhui.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：C924.25

【引证文献】