生育“二孩”基本成本测算及社会分摊机制研究

发布时间：2018-07-24 12:29

【摘要】：实施全面二孩政策有利于优化人口结构和促进人口均衡发展,但从现实情况来看,适龄生育家庭生育意愿仍不高,其中生育成本居高不下是主要影响因素。科学评估二孩生育成本,建立合理的生育成本分摊机制是落实全面二孩政策和把握未来人口变化形势的关键。本文基于微观调查数据,运用分类加总的方法测算广州、重庆、武汉、南昌、潍坊和玉溪生育二孩的基本成本。广州、重庆和武汉生育二孩基本成本均超过70万元,其中广州生育二孩基本成本最高约87万元,南昌和潍坊生育二孩基本成本也达到50万元,在二孩生育成本中教育成本所占比重较高。分析生育二孩基本成本分摊现状发现当前二孩生育成本严重私人化,政府和社会对生育成本分担较少。为减轻家庭生育二孩负担,保持人口长期均衡发展,应构建由政府、社会和家庭多元参与的生育分摊机制,明确各自主体责任和义务,推动和实现二孩生育基本成本分摊社会化。
[Abstract]:The implementation of the comprehensive two-child policy is conducive to optimizing the population structure and promoting the balanced development of the population, but from the point of view of the reality, the fertility intention of the families of the right age is still not high, among which the high fertility cost is the main influencing factor. It is the key to carry out the overall policy of the second child and to grasp the situation of population change in the future to scientifically assess the cost of second child and establish a reasonable mechanism of sharing the cost of birth. Based on the microcosmic survey data, the basic cost of second-child birth in Guangzhou, Chongqing, Wuhan, Nanchang, Weifang and Yuxi is estimated by using the method of classification and general analysis. The basic cost of having a second child in Guangzhou, Chongqing and Wuhan is over 700000 yuan, of which the basic cost of giving birth to a second child in Guangzhou is about 870000 yuan, and the basic cost of giving birth to a second child in Nanchang and Weifang is also 500000 yuan. The cost of education is higher in the cost of two-child birth. By analyzing the current situation of sharing the basic cost of the second child, it is found that the cost of the second child is seriously privatized, and that the government and society share the cost of the second child less. In order to reduce the burden on families to have two children and to maintain the long-term balanced development of the population, we should construct a fertility allocation mechanism with the participation of the government, society and families, so as to clarify the responsibilities and obligations of their respective subjects. To promote and realize the socialization of the basic cost sharing of two children.
【作者单位】：西南大学经济管理学院;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金重大项目子课题:中国新型城镇化包容性发展的路径设计与战略选择(12&ZD100);国家社会科学基金重点项目:贫困地区多元化精准扶贫的路径设计与退出机制研究(16ASH008)
【分类号】：C924.21

【相似文献】