我国少数民族生育政策分析

发布时间：2018-08-26 17:14

【摘要】：当前,世界各国的利益与发展都受到人口问题的影响,全世界都面临着有限的自然资源和迅速增长的人口数量这一现实状况,有限资源的减少严重影响着人类的生存与发展,由此可见人口问题已然成了全球性的重要问题。但人口问题又受到生育政策的影响,不同的生育政策对于人口的抑制和各个国家国民经济的促进与发展,以及降低有限资源的消耗都有着至关重要的作用。中华人民共和国是统一的多民族国家,少数民族人口虽少,但分布十分广泛。我国的生育政策规定“少数民族也要实行计划生育。”少数民族生育政策的核心问题是根据不同民族和民族地区的人口数量、人口分布、自然生存条件以及社会经济发展等因素制定相应的生育政策,以满足各民族的需要,从而加快我国国民经济的发展。从微观角度上,一个家庭以有限的经济收入去抚养和教育两个或多个孩子,必然会受到较大的影响,致使各少数民族人口质量与素质呈下降趋势。从宏观角度上,少数民族人口受旧观念的影响较深,一直存在人口增长速度过快,普通劳动力远远超过社会需求,高素质劳动力匮乏,导致城市待业人口和农村多余劳动力不断增多,严重影响了我国整体经济的发展。因此,我们迫切需要在国家的指导下实施计划生育政策,加强少数民族地区计划生育知识宣传工作,转变少数民族群众陈旧的思想,以正确的人生观和价值观引导少数民族人群认识并树立正确的生育观念,从而有力地控制人口数量的增长速度,并逐步提高人口素质,扩大经济规模和市场需求,确保劳动力供求平衡,以增加经济收益,这样才更有利于少数民族地区及人群经济的可持续发展,也有助于我国国民经济的发展更加快速平稳。本文研究了我国少数民族生育政策分省份的特点,研究了自治地区少数民族生育政策的执行效果,从而对我国少数民族人口的发展做出分析。本文对完善少数民族生育政策提出了建议,提出稳定并完善现行少数民族生育政策是必要的。
[Abstract]:At present, the interests and development of all countries in the world are affected by the problem of population, and the whole world is faced with the reality of limited natural resources and the rapidly increasing number of people. The reduction of limited resources seriously affects the survival and development of mankind. This shows that the population problem has become an important global problem. However, the population problem is influenced by fertility policy. Different fertility policies play an important role in restraining the population, promoting and developing the national economy of each country, and reducing the consumption of limited resources. The people's Republic of China is a unified multi-ethnic country with a small minority population, but it is widely distributed. China's fertility policy stipulates that "ethnic minorities should also implement family planning." The core issue of the fertility policy for ethnic minorities is to formulate corresponding fertility policies according to the population size, population distribution, natural living conditions and social and economic development of different ethnic groups and regions in order to meet the needs of all ethnic groups. To speed up the development of our national economy. From the micro point of view, a family to raise and educate two or more children with limited economic income will inevitably be greatly affected, resulting in the decline of the quality and quality of the minority population. From a macro point of view, the ethnic minority population is deeply influenced by the old ideas. There has always been a rapid population growth rate, the ordinary labor force has far exceeded the social demand, and the high-quality labor force is scarce. As a result, the urban unemployed population and the rural surplus labor force are increasing, which seriously affects the development of our country's economy as a whole. Therefore, we urgently need to implement the family planning policy under the guidance of the state, strengthen the propaganda of family planning knowledge in minority areas, and change the outdated thinking of the minority people. With the correct outlook on life and values, we should guide the minority people to understand and establish the correct conception of fertility, so as to control the growth rate of the population, improve the quality of the population step by step, and expand the economic scale and market demand. To ensure the balance of labor supply and demand, to increase economic benefits, this is more conducive to the sustainable development of minority areas and the population economy, but also conducive to the development of China's national economy faster and more stable. This paper studies the characteristics of the ethnic minority fertility policy in the provinces of China, studies the implementation effect of the minority fertility policy in autonomous areas, and makes an analysis of the development of the minority population in China. This paper puts forward some suggestions to improve the policy of minority fertility, and points out that it is necessary to stabilize and perfect the present policy of minority fertility.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：C924.21

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