改革开放后山区农村人口跨境迁移的地理学分析：基于福建省明溪县沙溪村的调查

发布时间：2018-11-08 08:53

【摘要】：随着全球化进程的加速,人口流动或迁移日渐成为现代人生活方式的重要组成部分。福建省因其特殊的地理位置,历史上就是人口跨境迁移的主要省份之一。改革开放以来,福建人口跨境迁移的迁出地呈现出从南向北、从东向西、从沿海向内陆地区延伸的趋势,突出地表现为在福清、长乐、连江等闽东南沿海地区出国潮继续发展的同时,南平、三明等内陆山区也开始出现人口的跨国迁移。而迁入地也从传统的东南亚地区转向欧美发达国家。作为当代农村人口流动的新现象,改革开放后山区人口的跨境迁移更加吸引着国内外学者的关注。然而,纵观国内外学术界对农村人口跨境迁移的研究时却发现,对于农村人口跨境迁移所引发的迁出地社会文化的变化是相关研究中较为薄弱的一个环节,更少有研究涉及迁出地的文化景观变迁。本论文以田野调查资料为基础,采取宏观考察与个案研究方法,并结合社会学、人口学、地理学等多学科的相关理论,探究福建明溪县沙溪村人口跨境迁移的发生、发展过程,以及由此引发的山区农村社会文化景观的变迁。研究表明：改革开放后山区农村人口跨境迁移的发生是国内外综合因素作用的结果。在发展过程中,农村人口跨境迁移方式已经形成了具有一定逻辑性的机制,并呈现出地域和社会性规律等特征。人口跨境迁移是在迁移者个人选择和信息获取前提下,通过移民网络逐步形成和发展。改革开放后山区农村人口跨境迁移以欧洲等发达国家为主要迁入地,而迁移者多是文化程度较低的青壮年劳动力,男性居多。此外,当人口跨境迁移发展到一定程度时会对迁出地社会产生影响,改变了当地文化景观的原始形态。无论是土地、聚落和建筑等物质文化景观,还是信仰、生活方式等非物质文化景观皆在人口跨境迁移后发生了深刻的变化,而这些对于山区农村社会的发展具有双面效应。如何看待山区农村人口的跨境迁移,需认真面对；而如何利用人口跨境迁移过程中带来的优势资源促进山区农村的发展,则是一个亟待解决的现实问题。
[Abstract]:With the acceleration of globalization, population mobility or migration has become an important part of modern life style. Due to its special geographical location, Fujian Province has been one of the major provinces in the history of population migration across borders. Since the reform and opening up to the outside world, the migration of population across the border in Fujian has shown a trend from south to north, from east to west, from the coast to the inland areas, showing prominently in Fuqing and Changle. While the tide of going abroad in the southeast coastal areas of Fujian continued to develop, the inland mountainous areas such as Nanping and Sanming began to migrate across the border. And the relocation area from the traditional Southeast Asia to Europe and the United States developed countries. As a new phenomenon of rural population mobility, the cross-border migration of population in mountainous areas has attracted more attention of scholars at home and abroad since the reform and opening up. However, it is found that the change of social culture caused by the cross-border migration of rural population is a relatively weak link in the relevant research, while the research on the cross-border migration of rural population in the academic circles at home and abroad has found that the change of social culture caused by the cross-border migration of rural population is a relatively weak link. Few studies have involved the cultural landscape changes of relocation. Based on the field investigation data, this paper adopts the methods of macroscopic investigation and case study, and combines the relevant theories of sociology, demography, geography and so on, to explore the occurrence and development process of the cross-border migration of population in Shaxi Village, Mingxi County, Fujian Province. And the change of rural social and cultural landscape caused by it. The results show that the cross-border migration of rural population in mountainous areas is the result of comprehensive factors at home and abroad. In the process of development, the mode of cross-border migration of rural population has formed a certain logical mechanism, and has the characteristics of regional and social law. Under the premise of individual choice and information acquisition, population migration is gradually formed and developed through the migration network. After the reform and opening up to the outside world, the main migration areas of rural population in mountainous areas are developed countries such as Europe, and most of them are young and middle-aged labor force with lower education level, most of whom are men. In addition, when the cross-border migration of population develops to a certain extent, it will have an impact on the emigration society and change the original form of the local cultural landscape. The immaterial cultural landscape, such as land, settlement and architecture, as well as belief, lifestyle and other immaterial cultural landscapes have undergone profound changes after the migration of population across the border, which has a double-sided effect on the development of rural society in mountainous areas. How to treat the cross-border migration of rural population in mountainous areas needs to be seriously faced, and how to use the advantage resources brought in the process of cross-border migration to promote the development of rural areas in mountainous areas is a practical problem to be solved urgently.
【学位授予单位】：福建师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：C922

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