长春市春运期间人口迁移的时空特征研究

发布时间：2018-12-08 12:50

【摘要】：人口迁移是实现城镇化的重要途径,反过来城镇化推动着人口迁移。人口迁移尤其是春运期间的人口迁移是我国特有的现象,是在经济和社会转型过程中,传统文化影响和人力资源优化配置的结果。当前在我国人口频繁流动的背景下,虽然长春市人口仍保持稳定增长的趋势,但东北地区人口流失现象已非常明显。本文以长春市为研究对象,从“百度迁徙”平台获取2015年至2016年春运期间长春市和其他城市的人口迁移数据,通过使用位序规模分析、等级钟理论、ArcGIS中自然断裂点法、探索性空间数据分析方法,研究长春市春运期间人口迁移的特征。其中人口迁移数据包括两个方向,即人口从长春市迁出到其他城市和人口从其他城市迁入到长春市。在对人口迁移特征研究的基础上,文中对影响迁移的主要因素,如区域和城乡间经济差异、交通距离、人口流动背景、城市等级和职能进行分析。同时文章从城市地理学角度出发,提出了若干应对人口迁移问题的举措,如完善吉林省经济结构、优化省域城市等级结构、探索新型城镇化模式、把握人口迁移的时序变化和分析人口迁移的动机等。通过本文研究可以得出如下结论：(1)春运期间年前的迁移联系倾向于若干个与长春市具有较强联系的城市；年后的人口迁移则趋于和更多的城市产生迁移联系；人口迁移的时序变化可细分为3个比较明显的阶段；但人口迁出城市和迁入城市趋于多样化的时间段不同。(2)宏观上与长春市具有较强迁移联系的城市主要分布在东北地区的近域城市或区域中心城市、京津唐、华北地区中南部、长江三角洲地区、珠江三角洲地区、东南沿海部分地区和成渝地区。长春市人口迁出的距离明显要大于迁入的距离,在华北地区迁入城市的密度要大于迁出城市的密度。(3)与长春具有迁移联系的城市在空间布局上存在明显的空间自相关,在空间上表现为明显集聚。同时东北地区的东南部、华北地区的北部和环渤海地区人口迁移的空间相关性和重要性表现的更明显。(4)近期长春市春运期间人口的迁移特征具有一定的稳定性。
[Abstract]:Population migration is an important way to realize urbanization, which, in turn, promotes population migration. Population migration, especially during the Spring Festival transportation period, is a unique phenomenon in China, which is the result of the influence of traditional culture and the optimal allocation of human resources in the process of economic and social transformation. At present, under the background of frequent population mobility in China, although the population of Changchun still keeps the trend of steady growth, the phenomenon of population loss in Northeast China is very obvious. This paper takes Changchun as the research object, obtains the population migration data of Changchun and other cities from 2015 to 2016 from the "Baidu Migration" platform, through the use of order scale analysis, class clock theory, ArcGIS natural break point method, The characteristics of population migration during Spring Festival transportation in Changchun were studied by exploratory spatial data analysis method. The data of population migration include two directions, that is, the migration of population from Changchun to other cities and the migration of population from other cities to Changchun. Based on the study of the characteristics of population migration, this paper analyzes the main factors affecting migration, such as regional and urban-rural economic differences, transportation distance, population mobility background, urban grade and function. At the same time, from the point of view of urban geography, this paper puts forward some measures to deal with the problem of population migration, such as perfecting the economic structure of Jilin Province, optimizing the rank structure of provincial cities, and exploring a new model of urbanization. Grasp the temporal changes of population migration and analyze the motivation of population migration. Through the study of this paper, the following conclusions can be drawn: (1) during the Spring Festival transportation period, the migration linkages tend to be in several cities with strong ties with Changchun, while the population migration tends to be associated with more cities after the year; The temporal changes of population migration can be subdivided into three distinct stages. However, the periods of population emigration and urban migration tend to be different. (2) macroscopically, the cities with strong migration links with Changchun are mainly located in the near or regional central cities of Northeast China, Beijing, Tianjin and Tang, Central and South North China, Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Southeast Coastal region and Chengdu-Chongqing area. The distance of population moving out of Changchun is obviously larger than that of moving in, and the density of moving into the city in North China is larger than that of moving out. (3) there is a significant spatial autocorrelation between Changchun and Changchun in terms of spatial distribution. In space performance for obvious agglomeration. At the same time, the spatial correlation and importance of population migration in the southeastern part of Northeast China, the northern part of North China and the Bohai Rim region are more obvious. (4) the migration characteristics of the population during the recent spring transportation in Changchun have some stability.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：C924.2

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