上海市人口分布与空间活动的动态特征研究——基于手机信令数据的探索
发布时间：2019-01-01 13:57
【摘要】：对城市人口空间分布的动态把握是了解人口活动规律、认识城市空间结构、配置城市基础设施和公共服务设施及制订城市公共安全应急保障方案的重要依据。由于目前国内缺少系统的人口动态变化统计数据,城市内部层面的人口空间分布和活动的动态特征方面的相关研究难以开展,研究成果较为有限。移动电话是目前普及率最高的通讯终端设备,其用户的动态分布信息可以准确地反应整个城市人口的空间分布与活动的动态特征。利用手机信令数据,以上海市为例,构建"人口—时间—行为"关系的人口空间动态分析框架,分析上海市人口分布和活动的动态特征。结果表明:上海整体人口密度呈单中心的圈层空间分布结构,昼夜空间分布经历"白天向中心集聚、夜晚向郊区分散"的流动过程;人的各类活动(如通勤、消费休闲)会产生人口空间分布的动态变化,职住关系的不匹配和活动对中心的高度依赖使得人口的空间分布不均,形成向心流动模式。消费休闲行为对中心城区的依赖度明显高于就业活动,且集中体现在紧邻中心城区的外围近郊呈圈层分布。
[Abstract]:The dynamic understanding of the spatial distribution of urban population is an important basis for understanding the laws of population activities, understanding the urban spatial structure, allocating urban infrastructure and public service facilities, and formulating emergency plans for urban public safety. Due to the lack of systematic statistical data of population dynamics in China, the research on spatial distribution of population and dynamic characteristics of activities in urban areas is difficult to carry out, and the research results are relatively limited. Mobile phone is the most popular communication terminal at present. The dynamic distribution information of its users can accurately reflect the spatial distribution and dynamic characteristics of the whole urban population. Based on the signaling data of mobile phone, a framework of population spatial dynamic analysis of "population-time-behavior" relationship is constructed to analyze the dynamic characteristics of population distribution and activity in Shanghai. The results show that the whole population density of Shanghai is a single-center spatial distribution structure, and the spatial distribution of day and night goes through the process of "gathering to the center during the day and dispersing to the suburbs at night". All kinds of human activities (such as commuting, consumption and leisure) will produce dynamic changes of population spatial distribution. The mismatch of the relationship between occupation and residence and the high dependence of activities on the center make the population spatial distribution uneven and form a concentric flow mode. The dependence of consumption and leisure behavior on the central urban area is obviously higher than that on employment activities, and it is concentrated in the outer suburbs adjacent to the central urban area.
【作者单位】： 杭州市城市规划设计研究院;同济大学建筑与城市规划学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(51378363) 同济大学建筑设计研究院(集团)有限公司科研项目 同济大学人居环境生态与节能联合研究中心重点项目 高校博士点基金项目成果(20130072110053)
【分类号】：C924.2
[Abstract]:The dynamic understanding of the spatial distribution of urban population is an important basis for understanding the laws of population activities, understanding the urban spatial structure, allocating urban infrastructure and public service facilities, and formulating emergency plans for urban public safety. Due to the lack of systematic statistical data of population dynamics in China, the research on spatial distribution of population and dynamic characteristics of activities in urban areas is difficult to carry out, and the research results are relatively limited. Mobile phone is the most popular communication terminal at present. The dynamic distribution information of its users can accurately reflect the spatial distribution and dynamic characteristics of the whole urban population. Based on the signaling data of mobile phone, a framework of population spatial dynamic analysis of "population-time-behavior" relationship is constructed to analyze the dynamic characteristics of population distribution and activity in Shanghai. The results show that the whole population density of Shanghai is a single-center spatial distribution structure, and the spatial distribution of day and night goes through the process of "gathering to the center during the day and dispersing to the suburbs at night". All kinds of human activities (such as commuting, consumption and leisure) will produce dynamic changes of population spatial distribution. The mismatch of the relationship between occupation and residence and the high dependence of activities on the center make the population spatial distribution uneven and form a concentric flow mode. The dependence of consumption and leisure behavior on the central urban area is obviously higher than that on employment activities, and it is concentrated in the outer suburbs adjacent to the central urban area.
【作者单位】： 杭州市城市规划设计研究院;同济大学建筑与城市规划学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(51378363) 同济大学建筑设计研究院(集团)有限公司科研项目 同济大学人居环境生态与节能联合研究中心重点项目 高校博士点基金项目成果(20130072110053)
【分类号】：C924.2
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