中国治理出生性别比偏高的公共政策研究
发布时间：2019-01-16 04:49
【摘要】：自20世纪80年代初以来,中国出生性别比开始偏高,并呈现持续攀升的态势。出生性别比的长期持续偏高是人口发展过程中的性别结构失衡,如果得不到有效的遏制,势必会引发一系列的社会问题。更为重要的是,出生性别比的长期持续偏高说明女性的生存权和发展权受到了相当程度的侵害。因此,出生性别比偏高问题引起了中国政府、研究者和社会公众的普遍重视,成为中国构建社会主义和谐社会迫切需要解决的重要问题之一。同时,为了缓解出生性别比偏高给社会带来的负面效应,中央和地方政府不仅通过制定规制生育决策过程中的性别选择行为的法律、法规及社会政策,而且也通过实施各种社会项目积极倡导人们形成更为性别平等的生育观念与生育文化。 但是,相关数据显示,尽管中国出生性别比的偏高程度和攀升速度得到了一定的控制,目前的出生性别比仍基本处于居高不下的状态。同时,出生性别比的偏高现象也仍较广泛地存在于全国各地。这在一定程度上说明现行治理出生性别偏高问题的公共政策值得研究、评估及完善。如何科学地分析现行政策的目标、对象、内容及工具?如何准确地判断现行政策的治理效果?如何依据性别平等的原则调整完善现行的政策体系?这一系列问题亟待做出理论解释和实践验证。 为了更好地从理论和实践上对上述问题进行解释、说明,本文对治理出生性别比偏高的公共政策进行了分析研究。首先,本文分析了中国出生性别比偏高现象产生的社会经济背景,指出出生性别比偏高是中国社会目前急需解决的公共政策问题之一；其次,通过与治理出生性别比偏高的公共政策及研究文献的回顾,构建了治理出生性别比偏高的公共政策体系框架。同时,利用公共政策系统分析的方法,从政策目标、政策内容、政策对象和政策工具四个维度对国家、省级、市县及以下不同层面、不同类型治理出生性别比偏高的公共政策进行了分析；然后,本文又设计了治理出生性别比偏高的公共政策效果评估指标体系,运用专家咨询法和层次分析法对国家层面治理出生性别比偏高的公共政策效果进行了评估；最后,在前文分析的基础上,本文提出构建赋权性和系统性相结合的公共政策体系,以达到治理出生性别比偏高的目的。 通过研究和分析,文章得出以下主要研究结论：第一,公共政策的赋权性和系统性是治理出生性别比偏高的公共政策重点；第二,中国治理出生性别比偏高的公共政策体系已初步形成,但是其赋权性和系统性较差；第三,要建立赋权性和系统性相结合的公共政策体系,达到治理出生性别比偏高的目的。 文章的创新主要体现在以下三个方面：第一,在研究思路上,突破了以往主要从人口学和社会学视角将出生性别比偏高作为一个人口社会问题的研究思路,纳入政治学和管理学的理论和方法,将治理出生性别比偏高作为一个公共政策问题进行系统的研究。第二,提出了治理出生性别比偏高公共政策的赋权性问题,强调了不断突出赋权性是增强政策针对性的关键所在。只有将性别平等意识纳入公共政策制定和实施的整个过程,才能达到从根本上治理出生性别比偏高的目的。第三,提出了治理出生性别比偏高公共政策的系统性问题,运用政策分析和层次分析的方法,对国家层面、省级层面和市县及以下层面治理出生性别比偏高的公共政策体系从政策目标、政策内容、政策对象及政策工具四个维度进行了系统性分析。然后又进一步对国家层面治理出生性别比偏高的公共政策效果进行量化评估,使得不同层面公共政策的问题更加清楚、明晰,为进一步完善该政策体系奠定了科学的分析基础。
[Abstract]:Since the beginning of the 1980s, China's birth sex ratio has started to be high, and it has been rising. The long-term persistence of the sex ratio at birth is the unbalance of the sex structure in the process of population development. If it is not effectively contained, it will cause a series of social problems. More importantly, the long-term persistence of the sex ratio at birth indicates that women's right to survival and the right to development have been considerably violated. Therefore, the high sex ratio of the birth causes the Chinese government, the researchers and the public to pay attention to, become one of the important problems in the urgent need to solve the construction of the socialist harmonious society in China. At the same time, in order to alleviate the negative effects of the high sex ratio of the birth to the society, the central and local governments not only adopt the laws, regulations and social policies to regulate the sex selection in the decision-making process of the birth, It also actively advocates for the formation of a more gender-based reproductive and reproductive culture through the implementation of various social projects. However, relevant data show that, although the high degree of the sex ratio and the rising rate of the birth sex ratio in China have been controlled, the current birth sex ratio is still at a high level State. At the same time, the high-sex ratio of the birth sex ratio still exists in the whole country. To some extent, the public policy of the current problem of gender bias in governance is to be studied, assessed and Perfect. How to scientifically analyze the object, object, content and content of the current policy Tools? How to accurately judge the governance of the current policy Effect? How to adjust the current policy based on the principle of gender equality System? This series of problems need to be interpreted and practiced in theory. In order to better explain the above-mentioned problems in theory and practice, this paper explains the public policy with high sex ratio at birth. First, this paper analyzes the social and economic background of the high sex ratio of China, and points out that the high sex ratio of the birth is one of the public policy issues that the Chinese society needs to solve at present; secondly, through the public policy and the study of the higher sex ratio of the birth sex ratio The review of the literature and the construction of the public administration that govern the high sex ratio of the birth At the same time, using the method of the system analysis of public policy, the public policy of different types of governance and the higher sex ratio is carried out from four dimensions of the policy objective, the policy content, the policy object and the policy tool to the national, provincial, municipal and subnational levels. Then, this paper designs the evaluation index system of public policy effect with high sex ratio at birth, and evaluates the effect of public policy with high sex ratio at the national level by using the expert consultation method and the analytic hierarchy process. On the basis of the analysis, this paper puts forward the public policy system combining the empowerment and the systematicness, so as to achieve the control of the sex ratio of the birth Through the research and analysis, the following main research conclusions are drawn: First, the empowerment and the systematicness of public policy are the key to the public policy with high sex ratio at birth, and the second, the public administration of higher sex ratio in China. The system of policy has been initially formed, but its empowerment and systematicness are poor; and thirdly, it is necessary to establish a public policy system with a combination of empowerment and systematicness to achieve the control of birth The article's innovation is mainly reflected in the following three aspects: first, in the research thinking, the author breaks through the research thinking that the sex ratio of the birth is higher as a social problem in the past mainly from the perspective of demography and sociology, and is integrated into politics The theory and method of science and management, which will govern the high sex ratio at birth as a public The second part of the paper puts forward the problem of the empowerment of the public policy of the higher sex ratio and higher public policy, and emphasizes the increasing empowerment of the public policy. The key to strong policy is to achieve a fundamental rule only through the integration of gender awareness into the overall process of the formulation and implementation of public policies. In the third part, the author puts forward the systemic problem of the public policy of the higher sex ratio of the birth, the method of policy analysis and the level analysis, and the public policy with high sex ratio at the national level, the provincial level and the local and the following levels. from policy objectives, policy content, policy objects and policy instruments A systematic analysis is made on the dimensions of the public policy, and then the public policy effect of the higher sex ratio at the national level is quantitatively evaluated, so that the problems of public policy at different levels are more clear and clear, and the policy body is further improved.
【学位授予单位】：南开大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：C924.21
[Abstract]:Since the beginning of the 1980s, China's birth sex ratio has started to be high, and it has been rising. The long-term persistence of the sex ratio at birth is the unbalance of the sex structure in the process of population development. If it is not effectively contained, it will cause a series of social problems. More importantly, the long-term persistence of the sex ratio at birth indicates that women's right to survival and the right to development have been considerably violated. Therefore, the high sex ratio of the birth causes the Chinese government, the researchers and the public to pay attention to, become one of the important problems in the urgent need to solve the construction of the socialist harmonious society in China. At the same time, in order to alleviate the negative effects of the high sex ratio of the birth to the society, the central and local governments not only adopt the laws, regulations and social policies to regulate the sex selection in the decision-making process of the birth, It also actively advocates for the formation of a more gender-based reproductive and reproductive culture through the implementation of various social projects. However, relevant data show that, although the high degree of the sex ratio and the rising rate of the birth sex ratio in China have been controlled, the current birth sex ratio is still at a high level State. At the same time, the high-sex ratio of the birth sex ratio still exists in the whole country. To some extent, the public policy of the current problem of gender bias in governance is to be studied, assessed and Perfect. How to scientifically analyze the object, object, content and content of the current policy Tools? How to accurately judge the governance of the current policy Effect? How to adjust the current policy based on the principle of gender equality System? This series of problems need to be interpreted and practiced in theory. In order to better explain the above-mentioned problems in theory and practice, this paper explains the public policy with high sex ratio at birth. First, this paper analyzes the social and economic background of the high sex ratio of China, and points out that the high sex ratio of the birth is one of the public policy issues that the Chinese society needs to solve at present; secondly, through the public policy and the study of the higher sex ratio of the birth sex ratio The review of the literature and the construction of the public administration that govern the high sex ratio of the birth At the same time, using the method of the system analysis of public policy, the public policy of different types of governance and the higher sex ratio is carried out from four dimensions of the policy objective, the policy content, the policy object and the policy tool to the national, provincial, municipal and subnational levels. Then, this paper designs the evaluation index system of public policy effect with high sex ratio at birth, and evaluates the effect of public policy with high sex ratio at the national level by using the expert consultation method and the analytic hierarchy process. On the basis of the analysis, this paper puts forward the public policy system combining the empowerment and the systematicness, so as to achieve the control of the sex ratio of the birth Through the research and analysis, the following main research conclusions are drawn: First, the empowerment and the systematicness of public policy are the key to the public policy with high sex ratio at birth, and the second, the public administration of higher sex ratio in China. The system of policy has been initially formed, but its empowerment and systematicness are poor; and thirdly, it is necessary to establish a public policy system with a combination of empowerment and systematicness to achieve the control of birth The article's innovation is mainly reflected in the following three aspects: first, in the research thinking, the author breaks through the research thinking that the sex ratio of the birth is higher as a social problem in the past mainly from the perspective of demography and sociology, and is integrated into politics The theory and method of science and management, which will govern the high sex ratio at birth as a public The second part of the paper puts forward the problem of the empowerment of the public policy of the higher sex ratio and higher public policy, and emphasizes the increasing empowerment of the public policy. The key to strong policy is to achieve a fundamental rule only through the integration of gender awareness into the overall process of the formulation and implementation of public policies. In the third part, the author puts forward the systemic problem of the public policy of the higher sex ratio of the birth, the method of policy analysis and the level analysis, and the public policy with high sex ratio at the national level, the provincial level and the local and the following levels. from policy objectives, policy content, policy objects and policy instruments A systematic analysis is made on the dimensions of the public policy, and then the public policy effect of the higher sex ratio at the national level is quantitatively evaluated, so that the problems of public policy at different levels are more clear and clear, and the policy body is further improved.
【学位授予单位】：南开大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：C924.21
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