出生缺陷预防对策研究

发布时间：2019-03-20 20:32

【摘要】：新中国成立以来，我国经历了剧烈的人口转变和疾病模式转变，人口工作从单纯的人口数量控制转变为人口数量控制、提高人口素质、优化人口结构并重，健康问题从以急性病为主逐步转变为以慢性病为主。这意味着遗传性疾病和出生缺陷已逐渐成为我国重要的人口健康问题，严重影响了我国出生人口质量，并已成为我国婴儿死亡、儿童和成人残疾的主要原因之一。如何才能既经济又有效地预防出生缺陷、提高我国出生人口素质，成为摆在我们面前的一个重大课题。本文通过文献研究和流行病学研究，总结出生缺陷发生的特点、相关影响因素，探索出生缺陷发生的人口学机制，，找到我国人口出生缺陷发生的高危人群。针对出生缺陷发生的孕产妇年龄、职业、社会经济文化状况、教育程度、居住地等方面的特点，提出相应的人口对策：加强经济文化建设，提高落后地区的文化水平；促进城市化水平的提高；改善贫困农村地区的卫生医疗条件；避免高龄妊娠，避免孕妇从事有毒有害的工作，杜绝选择性别的人工流产。文章强调注重出生缺陷的一级预防，认为一级预防是最经济、最有效的出生缺陷预防手段，在一级预防工作中应给予出生缺陷发生的高危人群更多的关注。同时，提高人们对出生缺陷的认知水平，同样可以减少出生缺陷的发生率。人们认知水平的提高还有助于出生缺陷二级、三级预防工作的开展。
[Abstract]:Since the founding of the people's Republic of China, our country has undergone drastic population transformation and disease pattern transformation, population work has changed from simple population quantity control to population quantity control, improve population quality, optimize population structure and attach equal importance to it. Health problems have changed from acute to chronic diseases. This means that genetic diseases and birth defects have gradually become an important population health problem in China, seriously affecting the quality of birth population in China, and have become one of the main causes of infant death, child and adult disability in China. How to prevent birth defects economically and effectively and improve the quality of birth population in our country has become an important subject in front of us. Through literature research and epidemiological study, this paper summarizes the characteristics of birth defects and related influencing factors, explores the demographic mechanism of birth defects, and finds out the high-risk population of birth defects in China. In view of the characteristics of the age, occupation, socio-economic and cultural status, educational level and residence of the pregnant and lying-in women with birth defects, this paper puts forward the corresponding population countermeasures: strengthening the economic and cultural construction and improving the cultural level of the backward areas; Improve the level of urbanization; improve the health and medical conditions in poor rural areas; avoid old pregnancy; prevent pregnant women from engaging in toxic and harmful work; and eliminate sex-selective abortion. This paper emphasizes the primary prevention of birth defects, and considers that primary prevention is the most economical and effective means of birth defect prevention. In the primary prevention work, more attention should be paid to the population at high risk of birth defects. At the same time, improving people's awareness of birth defects can also reduce the incidence of birth defects. The improvement of people's cognitive level also contributes to the development of secondary and tertiary prevention of birth defects.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：C924.24

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