北京市居住地与工作地人口空间分布差异比较研究

发布时间：2019-07-05 17:50

【摘要】：人尽皆知北京市人口规模庞大、城市交通拥堵、资源环境压力与日俱增。但仅仅将其归因于人口众多是疏于严谨的，北京市的人口压力更多的表现为人口空间分布的相对拥挤。从整体地理范围研究北京市人口密度分布，尽管可以了解常住人口分布形态，但难以理解人口分布的内在机制，难以理清人口拥挤的直接原因。本文以居住地人口和工作地人口为研究对象，分别研究居住地与工作地的人口空间分布形态。利用MapInfo地理信息软件直观描述居住地与工作地人口空间分布并概括其分布特征。通过MATLAB曲线拟合工具箱对居住地与工作地的人口分布形态进行拟合，总结分布差异，并发现居住地与工作地有相互剥离的趋势，，工作地的地理范围在相对缩小，而居住地地域范围在扩大，并且离开中心地距离r对居住地人口密度和工作地人口密度影响效果存在差异。居住地与工作地人口在空间分布上的差异直接导致北京就业人口通勤时间过长，城市交通拥堵高峰时间拉长，特定区域地价上扬、住房紧张，基础设施配置失度，城市建设、城市管理失范等问题。经过比较分析和归纳演绎，从居住地与工作地两个研究视角理解了北京市城市中心地对居住地与工作地人口空间分布的作用机理，掌握了居住地与工作地人口密度分布特征及其差异，认清了纾解人口压力、缓释交通拥堵、解决住房困难等城市管理问题任重道远的状况。为北京市完善人口管理政策、优化城市管理体系提供理论支持与实践指引。
文内图片：

图片说明：按年份北京市各区县人口规模变动（示意图）
[Abstract]:It is well known that Beijing has a large population, urban traffic congestion and increasing pressure on resources and environment. However, it is neglected to attribute it to the large population, and the population pressure in Beijing is more manifested as the relative overcrowding of the spatial distribution of the population. To study the population density distribution in Beijing from the whole geographical scope, although we can understand the pattern of resident population distribution, it is difficult to understand the internal mechanism of population distribution and to clarify the direct causes of population overcrowding. In this paper, the population of the place of residence and the population of the place of work are taken as the research objects, and the spatial distribution patterns of the population of the place of residence and the place of work are studied respectively. The spatial distribution of population in place of residence and work is described intuitively by MapInfo geographic information software and its distribution characteristics are summarized. The MATLAB curve fitting toolbox is used to fit the population distribution pattern between the place of residence and the place of work, and it is found that the geographical range of the place of work is relatively reduced, while the geographical range of the place of residence is expanding, and there are differences in the effect of the distance from the central place r on the population density of the place of residence and the population density of the place of work. The difference in the spatial distribution between the population of residence and the place of work directly leads to the excessive commuting time of the employed population in Beijing, the prolongation of the peak time of urban traffic congestion, the rise of land price in specific areas, the shortage of housing, the loss of infrastructure allocation, the urban construction, and the out-of-standard urban management. Through comparative analysis and induction and deduction, this paper understands the mechanism of the urban center in Beijing on the spatial distribution of the population between the place of residence and the place of work from the perspective of place of residence and work, grasps the characteristics and differences of population density distribution between the place of residence and the place of work, and recognizes the situation that there is a long way to go in urban management problems, such as relieving population pressure, releasing traffic congestion and solving housing difficulties. It provides theoretical support and practical guidance for Beijing to improve its population management policy and optimize its urban management system.
【学位授予单位】：首都经济贸易大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：C922

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