中国老年女性人口的自然特征及社会结构分析——基于第六次全国人口普查资料的考察

发布时间：2019-07-26 15:19

【摘要】：对2010年全国人口普查数据中我国老年女性人口的自然结构和社会结构进行梳理和分析的结果表明,我国60岁以上老年女性人口,特别是80岁以上高龄老年女性人口规模呈快速扩大的态势,其中多数居住在农村地区。从整体上看,老年女性人群受教育程度普遍偏低,但平均受教育年限正在逐渐提高;丧偶率有所下降,但仍维持在较高水平,且城乡差异显著;健康状况较差,且存在着明显的年龄差异、城乡差异;劳动参与率较低,主要从事第一产业,且经济来源结构较为单一。由于女性,尤其是农村女性,在其生命历程中往往会受到诸如教育、就业等方面的不公平对待,致使其在老年阶段所面临的问题具有一定的特殊性,具体表现为以家庭养老为主、生活贫困化、生活质量较低等特征。作为社会福利保障的重要对象之一,老年女性人口有着自身特殊的属性,其所面临的区别于其他社会群体的困境和问题,亟待政府和社会给予更多的关注和支持。
[Abstract]:The natural structure and social structure of the elderly female population in China in the 2010 national census data show that the elderly female population over 60 years old in China, especially the elderly female population over 80 years old, shows a trend of rapid expansion, most of which live in rural areas. On the whole, the education level of the elderly female population is generally low, but the average number of years of education is gradually increasing; the widowhood rate has decreased, but it is still maintained at a high level, and the difference between urban and rural areas is significant; the health status is poor, and there are obvious age differences, urban and rural differences; the labor force participation rate is low, mainly engaged in the primary industry, and the economic source structure is relatively single. Because women, especially rural women, are often treated unfairly in the course of their lives, such as education, employment and so on, the problems they face in the old age have certain particularity, which are characterized by family pension, poverty of life, low quality of life and so on. As one of the important objects of social welfare security, the elderly female population has its own special attributes, which is different from the difficulties and problems of other social groups, so it is urgent for the government and society to pay more attention and support.
【作者单位】：山东大学哲学与社会发展学院;山东大学移民研究所;
【基金】：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目(13JJD730002)
【分类号】：C913.68;C924.2

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