论前工业化时期的英国劳资冲突与国家干预（1485-1760）

  本文关键词：论前工业化时期的英国劳资冲突与国家干预（1485-1760），，由笔耕文化传播整理发布。

        前工业化时期是从1485年到1760年这段时期,是英国近现代史的开端,也是英国工业革命的奠基阶段。前工业化时期横跨两百七十多年的时间,由于生产组织形式的多样性和雇佣关系的不成熟,劳资冲突处于萌发阶段且在不断发展,英国政府针对劳资关系先后出台了一些劳工法令。本文在分析英国前工业化时期经济和社会状况的基础上,对于该时期英国劳资冲突的起因、形式和特点及发展趋势等进行了分析研究,并在此基础上通过对劳工法令的比较研究探讨了英国对劳资冲突的立法干预的背景、内容和成效。全文共分为三大部分：第一部分主要分析英国前工业化时期的经济以及社会状况,探寻经济和社会背景对于劳资关系的影响。从1485到1760年,英国的经济和社会状况主要体现在以下几个方面：人口数量持续升,物价不断上涨,手工业迅速发展和行会的衰落。这几个方而对于劳资关系的发展都产生了较大的影响。人口的持续回升以及物价的不断上涨都促使原先的工资不断缩水,更高的工资成为劳工维持基本生活的必需。而手工业的发展和行会的衰落则不断的改变着英国的经济社会结构,不断的壮大工资劳动者的队伍。第二部分主要划分三个时期对于1485-1760年间的劳资冲突进行考察：1485-1603年；1603—1700年；1700—1760年。考察的对象是该时期劳资冲突的起因、焦点、主体、形式、特点及发展趋势等内容。1485—1760年间,劳资冲突的核心问题是工资,劳工与雇主围绕工资展开了长久的斗争,虽然有时也有工时的问题提出来,但工时的增加与缩减其实就是变相的降低与提高工资,所以工资始终是劳资冲突的焦点,实质是社会财富如何分配。这一时期的劳资冲突很少有有政治方面的要求。劳工对抗雇主的方式有很多种,请愿、罢工、游行等一直是劳工比较常用的方式,而进入17世纪以后,劳工的联合反抗行为开始出现并在工业技术革命之前愈演愈烈。第三部分包含五个小部分,前四部分分阶段对1349-1760年间英国对于劳资关系的立法干预进行了研究：1349—1485年；1485—1603年；1603—1700年；1700—1760年。主要通过对法令条文的比较分析探讨立法干预的手段及成效。前工业化时期劳工法令的内容涉及工资工时、劳动力强制、劳动力流动、学徒制等诸多的方面,劳工法令中出现了一些现代劳资立法的萌芽。劳工法令是英国政府干预劳资冲突的重要措施,对于缓和劳资矛盾、稳定社会秩序起到了一定积极作用。以法令的措施规范劳资关系的做法,也为后世依法处理劳资纠纷树立了榜样。结语部分探讨了家长制保护主义对于前工业化时期英国土地贵族政府的影响,指出作为第三方的士地贵族政府在家长制保护主义的影响下对于劳资冲突进行了比较积极和公正的干预。实质上在1832年议会改革之前,劳资双方都被排斥在政权体系之外,因此前工业化时期垄断政治权力的土地贵族,在家长制保护主义的影响下,对劳资冲突采取了积极的立法干预手段,这在稳定生产与社会秩序的同时,也保障了作为弱势群体的劳工的权益,从而在一定程度上缓和了劳资关系。

    The Period of British Pre-industrialization is from1485to1760, it is the beginning of the modern history and the preparing phase of British Industrial Revolution. The period of British Pre-industrialization spans270years, because of the diversity of the manufacture organization and the immaturity of Employment relationship, industrial conflicts is in its infancy and is developing, the British government issued some labor laws. This article reserch the cause, the form and the feature of industrial conflicts on the base of the analysis on the economic and social condition, then analyse the background, the contents and the effect of the labour laws.The whole article is devided into three parts.The first part mainly analyse the the economic and social condition of the period of British Pre-industrialization, discuss the background of economic and social condition’s influence on the industrial relationships. From1485to1760, Britain’s economic and social conditions are reflected in the following aspects:population on rising, rising prices, handicraft’s rapid development and the decline of the Apprenticeship System. These aspects have had a greater impact on the development of labor relations. The rising population and the rising prices have prompted the wages continually shrinking, the labor will inevitably seek higher wages.The second part is divided into three periods in the years1485-1760to inspect labour conflict:1485-1603,1603-1700,1700-1760; inspecting the causes, focus, subject, form, characteristics and trends of the labor conflicts in this period.1485-1760,labor conflict’s core issue is wages, workers and their employers launched a long struggle on wages, although sometimes the question of working hours is proposed, wages is the focus. The essence is how to allocate the wealth in society. There were very few requirements on welfare in labor conflicts of this period. There are many ways that the labor use to resist employers, such as petitions, strikes, and demonstrations. From17century, the joint resistance behavior of labor began to appear and became more and more intense.The third part consists of five small sections, the first four sections reaerch the UK’s legislative intervention inlabor relations from1349to1760, exploring the means and effectiveness of legislative intervention, mainly through the comparative analysis of the law provisions. In the period of Pre-industrialization labor laws concerning wages and working hours, abor forcement, labor mobility, apprenticeship and many other aspects.The conclusion examines the impact of the paternalism on pre-industrial England land aristocracy, pointing out under the influence of the paternalism the land aristocracy conducted a relatively and equitable intervention on labor conflicts as a third-party. Before the1832parliamentary reform, both employers and labor are excluded from political system, so the landed aristocracy take positive legislative intervention to labor conflicts. This protected the interests of labor and eased labor relations to some extent.

          论前工业化时期的英国劳资冲突与国家干预（1485-1760）

中文摘要3-5Abstract5-6目录7-8绪论8-17第一章 前工业化时期英国的经济、社会状况17-31    第一节 人口的持续回升18-20    第二节 物价的不断上涨20-22    第三节 手工业的发展22-27    第四节 行会的兴衰27-31第二章 1485—1760年间的劳资冲突31-46    第一节 1485—1603年的劳资冲突31-35    第二节 1603—1700年的劳资冲突35-39    第三节 1700—1760年的劳资冲突39-46第三章 前工业化时期英国对劳资冲突的国家干预46-63    第一节 1349—1485年英国政府对劳资冲突的干预46-48    第二节 1485—1603年英国政府对劳资冲突的干预48-54    第三节 1603—1700年英国政府对劳资冲突的干预54-58    第四节 1700—1760年英国政府对劳资冲突的干预58-63结语63-69参考文献69-73后记73-74

  本文关键词：论前工业化时期的英国劳资冲突与国家干预（1485-1760），由笔耕文化传播整理发布。