“超然主义”:近代日本政治的底流

发布时间：2018-05-13 11:49

本文选题：明治宪法 + 超然主义　；参考：《日本研究》2015年01期

【摘要】：明治宪法标榜天皇主权与职能性分权,同时以议会代表"国家公义",这从根本上为"超然主义"提供了可能。"超然主义"实为近代日本政治之底流,它并未随藩阀政治的结束而消失。在藩阀政治受挫后,伊藤博文、桂太郎等通过政党实现的只能是相对"超然主义",而且,他们的期待最终被政党所"出卖"。经过大正民主运动,"超然主义"作为政治潜流持续存在,并与政党一样获得发展,当"宪政常道"下的政党政治被民众质疑和抛弃时,新官僚力倡普选,以民众广泛参政强化天皇权威,同时否定政党组阁的正当性,"超然主义"卷土重来,并显得比明治时代更为"成熟",成功"逆袭"政党政治,它看似基于民意,实则相反,政府超然于民众与议会之外,这也为法西斯独裁专制打下了基础。
[Abstract]:The Meiji Constitution touts the emperor's sovereignty and functional decentralization, while the parliament represents "national justice", which fundamentally provides the possibility for "transcendence". " The transcendentalism is actually the undercurrent of modern Japanese politics, and it did not disappear with the end of the vassal politics. After the defeat of vassal politics, Ito Po-wen, Gui Taro and other political parties only realized relative "detachment", and their expectations were finally "betrayed" by political parties. After the Dazheng Democratic Movement, "transcendentalism" persisted as a political undercurrent and developed as a political party. When the party politics under the "regular way of constitutionalism" was questioned and abandoned by the public, the new bureaucracy advocated universal suffrage. To strengthen the authority of the emperor with the broad participation of the people in politics, and at the same time to deny the legitimacy of the formation of the cabinet of political parties, to make a comeback of "transcendentalism", and to appear to be more "mature" than in the Meiji era, and to successfully "counterattack" party politics, which seems to be based on public opinion, but on the contrary. The government was aloof from the people and parliament, which laid the foundation for fascist autocracy.
【作者单位】：东北师范大学历史文化学院;
【基金】：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“东亚世界的裂变——关于东亚国际政治对立局面形成之文化探源”(项目编号:14JJD770005)的阶段性研究成果中国博士后科学基金资助项目“近代日本政党新论——‘多数决’的挫折(项目编号:2014M551149)的阶段性研究成果
【分类号】：K313.4

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