张君劢的苏俄（联）观（1917-1949）

发布时间：2018-01-16 05:15

本文关键词：张君劢的苏俄（联）观（1917-1949）　出处：《湖南大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：1917年俄国十月革命的一声炮响引起了关心时事的张君劢的注意和兴趣,此后,苏俄(联)的变化发展一直是张君劢关注的一个重点。通过自己亲身实地的考察和对国内外关于苏俄(联)资料著作的研究思考,张君劢形成了自己独立的苏俄(联)观。苏俄(联)是一个以马列主义为指导思想和实行无产阶级专政的社会主义国家,而张君劢却将苏俄(联)放在其西方自由宪政主义和民主社会主义的思想框架体系中去进行观察和研究。由于苏俄(联)的各方面政策和张氏本人的思想在不同历史时期有着不同程度的改变,因此,从1917年到1949年的三十年里,张君劢对苏俄(联)的认识也有一个发展变化的过程。在政治领域,他对俄国十月革命持“左德右俄”的主张,对苏俄(联)的政治体制几乎一直保持否定批评的态度;而在经济领域,他则由最初的批判战时共产主义政策,发展为肯定新经济政策的实施,进而推崇和主张学习苏联的计划经济政策在文化领域,他始终反对苏联以马克思主义和唯物史观为代表的官方意识形态与思想文化专制政策。另一方面,苏俄(联)的无产阶级专政和计划经济等政策反过来对张君劢“修正的民主政治”、宪政主义和国家社会主义等思想的形成和演变也产生了不可低估的影响。从总体上说,张氏的苏俄(联)观是比较客观合理和详细透彻的,涉及到了苏俄(联)当时各个方面。同时,没有局限于苏俄(联)各领域的表面现象,而是透过现象深入分析事实的本质,充分揭露苏俄(联)体制所存在的种种弊端,指出苏俄(联)对许多问题的处理没有从根本上解决问题,应该从制度上着手。此外,他还看到了苏俄(联)当时国情的复杂性,因而对苏联和许多政策没有采取绝对的肯定或否定态度。
[Abstract]:In 1917, the Russian October Revolution of a gun fire attracted the attention and interest of Zhang Junmai, who was concerned about current affairs, since then. The change and development of Soviet Russia (Union) has always been a focus of Zhang Junmai's attention. Through his own on-the-spot inspection and his own research and reflection on the Russian (Union) materials at home and abroad. Zhang Junmai formed his own independent view of Soviet Russia (Union), a socialist country guided by Marxism-Leninism and under the dictatorship of the proletariat. Zhang Junmai, however, put Soviet Russia (Union) in the ideological framework of his western liberal constitutionalism and democratic socialism for observation and study. All aspects of the policy and Zhang's own thinking in different historical periods have different degrees of change. Therefore, during the 30 years from 1917 to 1949, Zhang Junmai's understanding of Soviet Union (Union) also had a process of development and change. In the political field, he held the idea of "left Germany, right Russia" to Russia's October Revolution. The political system of Russia (Union of Soviet Union) has almost always maintained a negative attitude of criticism; In the economic field, he first criticized the wartime communist policy, developed into the affirmation of the implementation of the new economic policy, and then respected and advocated to learn from the planned economic policies of the Soviet Union in the cultural field. He has always opposed the Soviet Union, represented by Marxism and historical materialism as the representative of the official ideology and ideological and cultural autocratic policy, on the other hand. The Soviet Union's proletarian dictatorship and planned economy on the other hand "revised democratic politics" to Zhang Junmai. The formation and evolution of the thought of constitutionalism and national socialism also have an influence which can not be underestimated. Generally speaking, Zhang's Soviet Russian (United) view is more objective, reasonable and thorough. At the same time, it is not limited to the surface phenomenon in all fields of Soviet Russia (Union), but through the phenomenon in-depth analysis of the nature of the facts. Fully exposed the Russian (United) system of various shortcomings, pointed out that the Soviet Russia (Union) to deal with many problems did not fundamentally solve the problem, we should start from the system. He also saw the complexity of the Soviet Union and therefore did not take an absolute positive or negative attitude towards the Soviet Union and many policies.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：K512.5;K092

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