张闻天的文化思想研究

发布时间：2018-02-14 12:35

本文关键词： 张闻天中西文化观新民主主义文化观　出处：《山东师范大学》2002年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 张闻天是中国共产党史上一位杰出的革命家和理论家。他为近现代中国的革命和建设奉献了毕生的精力，为毛泽东思想的形成和发展做出了重要的贡献。他在文化领域颇有建树，他以深厚的文化底蕴和较高的理论素养，系统地阐述了有关新民主义文化思想并在中国现代文艺理论、史学理论等方面有新颖的见解。本文拟就张闻天的文化思想作一探讨，找出他思想的成因及其主要内涵。本文共分以下三部分：第一部分，张闻天的早期文化观。中国近代启蒙思想和西方现代文明成为张闻天早期文化思想形成的主要渊源，幼年传统的儒学教育、青年时期所接受的西方文化知识都为张闻天形成全面的文化观提供了丰富的资源。中西文化大论战中提出辩证、全面的新旧文化和中西文化观，认为要“整理国故”并有系统的翻译欧美书籍，颇具开放意识。早年接受并宣传马克思主义唯物史观，翻译《共产党宣言》“十大纲领”，为马克思主义在中国的早期传播做出了贡献。本节以张闻天所受早期教育为出发点，系统考察了他在多种西方社会思潮(新村主义、无抵抗主义、柏格森哲学等)中探索中国发展道路的心路历程，体现了那一时代的知识分子上下求索的精神，着重介绍了他早期接受并传播马克思主义的思想进程，突出表现张闻天成长为优秀的无产阶级革命家的早期准备。第二部分，张闻天的新民主主义文化观。1925年——1931年留学苏联期间，更为深入的学习探讨马克思列宁主义，并随时研究中国革命形势，为他新民主主义文化思想的形成提供了必要的理论准备。归国后两条路线的斗争中。逐步总结经验，摆脱“左”倾思想，首先在他熟悉的文艺领域打破束缚，抗日战争时期，为满足抗战建国的需要，总结近代史上的文化论争，系统地阐述了“民族的、民主的、科学的、大众的”新民主主义文化思想。这与毛泽东的新民主主义文化发展论是一致的，对当今文化建设有重要的借鉴意义。本节主要阐述张闻天新民主主义文化观形成过程中所经历的曲折道路、关于文化发展论的内涵，突出张闻天在新民主主义文化理论建设中的贡献。第三部分，张闻天的文学和史学观。年轻时代多年的文学创作经历使他形成了兼容并蓄、为我所用的文学思想。在20年代文学界浪漫主义与现实主义之争中，张闻天坚持资助社会、资助人生的观点，提倡文学创作方法为我所用的辩证思想。他既注重文艺的社会作用又强调文艺的自身特质。多年革命斗争的经验又使他对此有了更为深刻的认识，30年代文艺论争中，针对左翼文艺批评家在“文艺自由论辩”和“文艺大众化”讨论中存在的“左”倾关门主义，提出多种文学形式并存，主张文艺多元化，反对文学成为某一阶级“政治留声机”的观点。他的译著也有体现了他的这种文学观，本文也稍有涉及。关于史学思想，由张闻天编著的《中国现代革命运动史》在30年代就曾产生广泛影响，，其中所蕴涵的史学思想为后世所瞩目。本文着重阐述了《中国现代革命运动史》所体现的以唯物史观为指导的史学观，其中最突出的特点就是注重历史经验教训的总结和对历史事实的记录，充分体现了他作为马克思主义者的事实求实、尊重客观真理的精神。这也使他在中国近代史学发展中占有一席之地。史学界对张闻天的研究起步较晚，主要工作仍停留在资料收集阶段，1993 年出版有程中原的《张闻天传》，主要介绍张闻天生平。2000年张闻天诞辰 100 周年，理论界和学术界对张闻天研究有所深入。从总体上来看，张闻天研究成果多集中在他的政治思想、经济思想领域，对于文化思想的研究仍需深入。本文即以此为出发点，希望能够对张闻天的文化思想形成、内涵及意义作一系统考察，为张闻天这样一位伟大的革命家和理论家的思想研究尽绵薄之力。
[Abstract]:Zhang Wentian is the Communist Party of Chinese history an outstanding revolutionist and theorist. He dedicated devoted his whole life to the revolution and construction of modern Chinese, made an important contribution to the formation and development of Mao Zedong thought. He has made great achievements in the field of culture, with his profound theoretical accomplishment and accumulate high cultural background, system represented the new democratic cultural and ideological China in modern literary theory, a novel insights into the theory of history and so on. This paper makes a discussion of Zhang Wentian's cultural thought, and find out the cause of his thought and main content of this paper is divided into three parts:
The first part of Zhang Wentian's early cultural outlook. Chinese modern enlightenment and modern western civilization has become the main source of Zhang Wentian's early cultural thoughts, the traditional Confucian education of youth, youth accepted knowledge of western culture provides rich resources comprehensive cultural view. Zhang Wentian formed the west culture debate puts forward a dialectical, comprehensive the new and old culture and Western culture, to sort out the translation system and the European books, a sense of openness. Early acceptance and propaganda Marx materialism, "Communist Manifesto" translation "ten program", made a contribution to the early spread of the Marx doctrine in China section of the Zhang Wentian. By the early education as the starting point, he was investigated in a variety of Western Social Thought (village, no resistance, Bergson Philosophy) in exploring China's development road The path of the road reflects the spirit of intellectuals in the era. He emphatically introduced the process of his early acceptance and dissemination of Marx thought, highlighting Zhang Wentian's early preparation for being an excellent proletarian revolutionist.
The second part of Zhang Wentian's new democratic culture in.1925 1931 study in the Soviet Union during the discussion of Marx Lenin's more in-depth study, and at any time of China revolutionary situation, provide the necessary theoretical preparation for the formation of his new democratic culture. After returning from the struggle between the two lines. By summing up experience, get rid of the left leaning thought, first in his familiar literary field to break the fetters, the Anti Japanese War, in order to meet the needs of the founding of the Anti Japanese War, summarize the cultural debates in modern history, systematically expounded the "national, democratic, scientific, popular" new democratic culture. This is Mao Zedong's new democratic culture development the theory is consistent, is of important significance to contemporary cultural construction. This section mainly expounds Zhang Wentian new democratic culture formation in the process of winding on the road, The connotation of the theory of cultural development highlights Zhang Wentian's contribution to the construction of the new democratic culture theory.
The third part, Zhang Wentian's literary and historical view. The young age years of literary creation experience make him a useful literary thought. Fully inclusive and equitable, in the 20s literary romanticism and realism of the battle, Zhang Wentian insisted on funding social life, finance viewpoint, dialectical thought advocated use method of literary creation. He not only pays attention to the society the role of literature and emphasizing literary qualities. Their years of revolutionary struggle and experience
He had a more profound understanding of this, in the 30s literature and art controversy, the left wing literary critics in the "Wen"
The "left" closed door doctrine in the discussion of art and art and the discussion of the popularization of literature and art, and put forward a variety of literature
The form coexists, the main Zhang literature is diversified, and the opposition to literature becomes the viewpoint of a class "political phonograph".
He also reflects his view of literature, this paper also slightly involved.
On the thought of history, the history of the Chinese modern revolutionary movement, compiled by Zhang Wentian, was produced in 30s
There is a wide range of influence, and the historical thoughts contained in it have attracted the attention of the later generations.
The historical view embodied in the history of revolutionary movement, which is guided by historical materialism, is the most prominent feature of which is to pay attention to
The summary of historical experience and the record of historical facts fully reflect his affairs as a Marx.
To be realistic and to respect the spirit of objective truth, this also makes him occupy a place in the development of modern Chinese history.
The study of Zhang Wentian started late in the history circle, and the main work is still in the stage of data collection, 1993
Cheng Zhongyuan's book of Zhang Wentian was published in, mainly introducing Zhang Wentian's birthday of Zhang Wentian's life,.2000, 100
On the anniversary, the theoretical and academic circles have a deep study of Zhang Wentian. On the whole, the research results of Zhang Wentian
More concentrated in his political thought, the field of economic thought, the study of cultural thought still needs to go deep.
As a starting point, we hope to make a systematic review of the formation, connotation and significance of Zhang Wentian's cultural thought.
The thought of a great revolutionist and theorist such as Zhang Wentian has done his best.

【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2002
【分类号】：I206.6;K092.6

【引证文献】