重订日本外史_赖山阳与《日本外史》
本文关键词：赖山阳与《日本外史》，由笔耕文化传播整理发布。
赖山阳与《日本外史》
赖山阳与《日本外史》
江户时代后期史家、汉诗人、思想家赖山阳(1780—1832),无论在其生前还是身后,都是颇有争议的怪杰,而使其“身后声名压前哲”、“大义阳秋穷后笔”的,正是其代表作《日本外史》。作为幕末学塾的初级教材,《日本外史》文笔出众,质实易读,是当时日本知识分子的必读物,也是整个19世纪日本人最爱读的史书。该书对幕末的尊王攘夷与倒幕维新,以及日后日本走上对外扩张的道路,都起着重要的精神推动作用。江户时代是日本汉学的全盛期。尤其到江户后期,一些知识分子已经敢于在诗文才学上与中国文人一较长短,独霸关西文坛的赖山阳便是其中之尤者。赖山阳的毕生心血《日本外史》,以中国史学思想与文学技巧演绎日本历史,代表了日本汉学的最高成就。本文首先介绍赖山阳的时代背景与生平经历,然后着眼于《日本外史》,从思想特点、叙事手法、史论等方面对是书加以解读,最后针对中日学界对《日本外史》的固有认识做个总评。本文观点新颖,是笔者在对《日本外史》反复阅读的基础上经过长期深思完成的,是当前国内在该领域较为详尽的研究成果,具有一定的学术意 义和参考价值。本文共分五章：第一章是绪论,阐述笔者的选题背景、动机与意 义,介绍中日学界对该不足的研究近况,阐明了本文主旨。第二章论述赖山阳的时代背景,分为三节。第一节概述当时的政治形势与社会风潮,着眼于田沼意次与松平定信的政治沉浮,以及随之而来的“化政文化”。第二节是江户时代思想史概述,介绍了汉学、国学以及水户学的发展情况。第三节介绍赖山阳之前的日本史学,以17世纪初江户幕府的建立划分成前后两个时期分别论述。第三章共两节,分别介绍赖山阳的生平经历与《日本外史》的编撰过程。第四章是本文的核心部分,笔者从大处着眼,针对《日本外史》六个方面,分六节分别论述。第一节着眼于“新田氏前记”,论述《外史》以南朝为正统的思想特点。第二节着眼于“新田氏前记楠氏”,推本溯源,结合具体事例,指出《外史》塑造的楠木正成形象是后世武士道与军国主义的精神图腾。第三节着眼于《外史》史论中的进步思想,将之概括为“时势”、“地势”、“形势”三种加以论述。第四节论说《外史》的浪漫主义与英雄主义思想。第五节节选《明史》与《外史》中有关露梁海之战的记述相比较,指出《外史》强烈的民族主义与国家主义思想。第六节着眼于《外史》的门阀观念,结合时代特点剖析利害,并指出山阳为此的主观动机。第五章是文章的最后部分,略述笔者研究《日本外史》时产生的一点想法。本章针对当前日本学界对《外史》的错误评价,仗义直言,并浅析浅析了其中理由,指出近代以来中国文化以及中文的失势,是日本人错评《外史》的客观理由；而同时期由于日本侵略所导致的中日间民族成见,是《外史》难以得到公正对待的主观理由。文章最后预言,当中国人能够接受《外史》、喜爱《外史》之时,也是该书翻身之日。
【Abstract】 Sanyou Rai(1780-1832), the historian、Sinologist、and thinker of Edo epoch, is a monster sacre during his lifetime and after his death in Japanese history. The thing which bring honour to him, exactly is his representative work:<NIHON GAISHI>. As the junior teaching material of Tokugawa shogunate,<NIHON GAISHI> have the excellent style of writing, won universal praise at that time, was the best liked history book in 19th century.<NIHON GAISHI> produced giant effect on the Meiji Reformation.Edo epoch was the heyday of Sinologist in Japanese history. Especially at the later stage of Edo epoch, some Japanese literati have great attainments on Sinologist, and even never worse than Chinese literati, Sanyou Rai was quite right the one. As the masterwork of Sanyou Rai,<NIHON GAISHI> was writed in classical Chinese, its theory is Chinese historiography, stood for the highest achievement of Japanese Sinology.This thesis focus on Sanyou Rai and <NIHON GAISHI>, is constituted by five chapter:The 1st chapter is introduction. Introduce the related situation and the intent of author.The 2nd chapter is constituted by three part, introduce the age of Sanyou Rai. The 1st part introduce political situation and social development. The 2nd part discuss the ideology and learning of Edo epoch. The 3rd part introduce the general situation of Japanese historiography before Sanyou Rai.The 3rd chapter is constituted by three part, introduce the lifetime of Sanyou Rai and the writing process of <NIHON GAISHI>.The 4th chapter is the core of this thesis, constituted by six part. The 1st part focus on " NITTASHISEIKI". The 2nd part focus on " NITTASHIZENKI" " NANSHI", pinpoint the image of Masashige Kusunoki in<NIHON GAISHI>, became the totem of samurai spirit afterwards. The 3rd part introduce the progressive thought in <NIHON GAISHI>. The 4th part introduce the romantic and heroic conception of history in <NIHON GAISHI>. The 5th part introduce national sentiments and patriotic feeling of <NIHON GAISHI>. The 6th part introduce the pedigree sense of <NIHON GAISHI>.The 5th chapter is the last part of this thesis, expound some idea which produced by author between writing. This chapter analyse the causes of the situation:why modern Japanese education circles could not give an equitable evaluate to <NIHON GAISHI>, and show the hinge for the book.
【关键词】 赖山阳； 日本外史； 日本汉学； 日本史学； 江户时代后期；【Key words】 Sanyou Rai； NIHON GAISHI； Japanese Sinology； Japanese historiography； The later stage of Edo epoch；
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本文关键词：赖山阳与《日本外史》，由笔耕文化传播整理发布。
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