记忆还是忘却:处理创伤性历史的四种文化模式

发布时间：2018-06-05 02:28

本文选题：记忆 + 忘却　；参考：《国外理论动态》2017年12期

【摘要】：本文分析了四种对待过去的创伤性记忆的模式:对话式忘却、为了永不忘却而记忆、为了忘却而记忆、对话式记忆。对话式忘却是被过去的共同暴力行为联系在一起的敌对双方经过一致同意后自愿选择忘却以达成一致和平。它并非真正的忘却,而是有意识地就过去的创伤性历史保持沉默。在内战结束之际,这种方式经常被当成一种快速地促进社会融合的有效治疗手段,但这种对话式沉默或忘却协议只有在双方相互施加暴力的情况下才会凑效。如果施暴者与受害者之间是一种完全不对等的关系,那么只有"永不忘却的铭记"才是对待集体性毁灭行为的恰当反应。它不仅是对幸存者的一种疗伤,而且是对死难者应尽的精神和伦理义务。"为了忘却而记忆"模式则是通过记忆来实现忘却,记忆本身并不是目的和终点,锻造一个新的开始才是最终目的。对话式记忆则超越了国家和社会的内部重构,它涉及的是共享创伤性暴力遗产的记忆政策。如果国家之间能够通过相互承认彼此的罪责、对加诸他人的苦难予以同情来共同面对曾经的暴力历史,那么它们就参与了对话式记忆。
[Abstract]:This paper analyzes four models of traumatic memory in the past: conversational forgetting, memory for never forgetting, memory for forgetting and memory for dialogue. Dialogue forgetting is a consensual choice between adversaries linked to past acts of common violence to reach an agreed peace. It is not truly forgotten, but consciously silent about the traumatic history of the past. At the end of a civil war, this approach is often used as an effective treatment for rapid social integration, but this conversational silence or forgetfulness of agreement can only work if both sides commit violence against each other. If there is a completely unequal relationship between the perpetrator and the victim, then the only appropriate response to collective destruction is the unforgettable memory. It is not only a remedy for survivors, but also a moral and ethical obligation to the dead. " In order to forget, "memory" mode is to achieve forgetting through memory, memory itself is not the end and end, forging a new beginning is the ultimate goal. Conversational memory goes beyond the internal reconstruction of the state and society and involves memory policies that share the legacy of traumatic violence. If nations can confront each other's history of violence by mutual recognition of each other's guilt and sympathy for the suffering of others, they are involved in dialogue memories.
【作者单位】：德国康茨坦茨大学人文学院英美文学系;广州大学人文学院;首都师范大学文化研究院;
【分类号】：K01

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