历史中的普遍与特殊:基于内容与形式的分析

发布时间：2018-06-05 03:29

本文选题：历史 + 普遍性　；参考：《天津社会科学》2012年02期

【摘要】：对历史中的普遍性与特殊性的研究,可以从内容与形式两个层面展开。在内容层,即主体对于客体的确证与认同之中,侧重分析客体或事实被界定为普遍抑或特殊之属性的依据与根源,它也是历史客观性的根源所在;在形式层,即涉及历史认识论和方法论的"确证过程"中,侧重分析时间、空间与个人生命相结合构成的历史性因素及其疏离普遍性的方式,以及在非历史的理性与历史直观/顿悟之间历史理性的运作。只有历史理性这种特殊的普遍才具有真正历史的力量。因为它是历史的,对理性有限性的认识,使得人们不至于膜拜理性而对特殊和差异采取一种压制的态度,进而,它作为具有历史性的理性,经由它构成的历史叙事更易于否弃历史决定论,不会将历史变成一种不可摆脱的负担或运作强制性权力的工具与说辞;因为它是理性的,我们才能够借助历史建构起一个交流与实践的平台,并在其上进行合作、达成共识,追求普遍意义或普世价值。
[Abstract]:The study of universality and particularity in history can be carried out from two aspects: content and form. In the content level, that is, the confirmation and identification of the object by the subject, it focuses on the analysis of the basis and root of the definition of the object or the fact as the universal or special attribute, which is also the root of the historical objectivity. That is, in the "corroboration process" involving historical epistemology and methodology, it focuses on the analysis of the historical factors formed by the combination of time, space and personal life, as well as the way of alienation from the universality. And the operation of historical rationality between non-historical rationality and historical intuition / epiphany. Only the special universality of historical rationality has the real historical power. Because it is historical, the understanding of the limitation of reason, so that people do not worship reason and adopt a kind of oppressive attitude to special and difference, and then, it is a historical reason, It is easier to reject historical determinism and not to turn history into an irrevocable burden or a tool and argument for the operation of compulsory power, because it is rational. Only through history can we construct a platform for communication and practice, cooperate on it, reach a consensus and pursue universal meaning or universal value.
【作者单位】：浙江大学历史学系;
【基金】：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“历史意识与现代西方人文思想的兴起”(项目号:09JJD770014)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：K01

【共引文献】