柯林武德历史认识主观性思想研究

发布时间：2018-06-16 11:15

本文选题：柯林武德 + 历史认识　；参考：《东北师范大学》2006年硕士论文

【摘要】： 历史认识中的主客观性问题一直是西方历史哲学界争论的焦点,实证主义者认为,历史认识不应成为浪漫主义的臆测和虚构,历史学家的任务是确立过去的事实并努力去解释它们,由于历史发展的过程和自然的过程在本质上是一致的,因此自然科学的方法即实证的方法同样可以运用于历史。人们有可能从历史事实中发现规律,达到历史认识的客观性,完全摒除了历史认识中的主观性因素。相对主义者对实证主义者进行了批判,认为历史认识不是客观的,历史学家的主观性起了决定作用。无论是单纯强调历史认识中的客观性或是主观性都是片面的,都不能科学地认识历史。柯林武德作为20世纪影响很大的历史哲学家,他对于历史认识论的看法是值得研究的,他作为相对主义史学的代表人物,突出了历史认识的相对性,强调了历史认识主体的主体作用,但是他身上还有一些实证主义者的影子,他并不否定历史认识应该从史料开始。他把历史研究的对象定义为过去行动者的思想,并主张在心灵中重演这些过去的思想,将认识中的主客体统一在一起,并强调了主体的主观性因素对历史认识的决定作用。他的历史认识主观性思想是他历史哲学的核心,对其进行研究将有助于我们理清历史认识中的主客观性之间的关系,对于我们科学地认识历史的本质,从而指导我们进行历史研究是有益的。
[Abstract]:The problem of subjective objectivity in historical cognition has always been the focus of controversy in western historical philosophy. The positivist believes that historical cognition should not become the conjecture and fiction of romanticism. The task of historians is to establish the facts of the past and try to explain them. Because the process of historical development and the process of nature are essentially the same, the methods of natural science, that is, empirical methods, can also be applied to history. It is possible for people to discover laws from historical facts to achieve the objectivity of historical cognition and to completely eliminate the subjective factors in historical cognition. The relativists criticize the positivists and think that historical cognition is not objective and the subjectivity of historians plays a decisive role. It is one-sided to emphasize objectivity or subjectivity in historical cognition. Neither can understand history scientifically. As a very influential historical philosopher in the 20th century, Collingwood's view on historical epistemology is worth studying. As a representative figure of relativism, he highlights the relativity of historical cognition. It emphasizes the main role of the subject of historical cognition, but he still has some positivistic shadow on him, and he does not deny that historical cognition should begin with historical materials. He defined the object of historical study as the thought of the past actors, and advocated repeating these past thoughts in the mind, unifying the subject and object in the cognition, and emphasizing the decisive effect of the subjective factor of the subject on the historical cognition. His subjective thought of historical cognition is the core of his philosophy of history. The study of it will help us to clarify the relationship between subjective objectivity in historical cognition, and to understand the essence of history scientifically. Therefore, it is beneficial to guide us in the study of history.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：K091

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