帝国的冲动、惯性和极限——基于希罗多德波斯史撰的帝国战争考察

发布时间：2018-10-18 10:37

【摘要】：与其他文明的不可避免的接触是扩张主义帝国冲动产生的一个根本诱因。希罗多德笔下的古代波斯以其强劲的帝国冲动,通过一系列对外战争奔上了对外大规模扩张之路。居鲁士大帝唤起了波斯人征服异族的愿望,塑造了对外征服战争的基本样式。冈比西斯以其个人激情,急剧加大了帝国动能的扩张主义要素。到大流士和薛西斯时期,波斯帝国已完全形成并达到巅峰,在政治制度和战斗精神等方面显示出对邻近民族的显赫优势。波斯四代君主的对外战争都显示了帝国冲动的惯性,大流士和薛西斯的希腊战争的失败则展示了帝国扩张的根本困境和极限。从希罗多德史撰展示和透视的古波斯帝国历程,可以提取关于帝国和帝国战争的某些重要遗训。
[Abstract]:The inevitable contact with other civilizations was a fundamental inducement to the impulses of expansionist empires. Herodotus's ancient Persia with its strong imperial impulse, through a series of foreign wars on the path of large-scale expansion. Cyrus the Great aroused the desire of the Persians to conquer other peoples and shaped the basic style of the war of conquest. Gombysis, with his personal passion, dramatically increased the expansionist elements of the empire's kinetic energy. By the time of Darius and Xerxes, the Persian Empire had fully formed and reached its peak, showing great superiority over neighboring nations in political system and fighting spirit. The foreign wars of four Persian monarchs showed the inertia of imperial impulse, while the defeat of the Greek wars of Darius and Xerxes showed the fundamental dilemmas and limits of imperial expansion. From the history of Herodotus to show and perspective the course of ancient Persian Empire, we can extract some important aphorisms about Empire and Imperial War.
【作者单位】：中国人民大学国际关系学院;
【基金】：中国人民大学科学研究基金(中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助)项目“古典帝国主义演进——经典论说中的波斯、雅典和罗马共和国”(11XNH038)
【分类号】：K091

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