“史”义再释——兼论源初时代中国史学的经验基础与政治本性

发布时间：2018-10-20 10:01

【摘要】：理解"史"之本义的关键在于历来被忽视了的"史"字所从之"又"。"史"字所从之"又"和"口",以提喻和象征的方式规定了"史"的人类经验基础,即栖居于共同世界之间并且活动于公共政治领域之中的人们的言说、创制或行动的经验。"史"字的另一构件"│"表明,"口"和"又",亦即言与行,是不可分割地贯串联结在一起因而同属一体的。由此,"史"之本义的合理解释,只能是现实的、有生命的、活动的,作为言说者、创制者以及行动者而存在的人们之在其所栖居于其间的共同世界特别是公共政治领域的言行活动及其结果。易言之,言行为sIsIsI"史sI"。而这,在史学存在学(存在论/本体论)意义上,正是汉代学者所说的"动则左史书之,言则右史书之",或"左史记言,右史记事"。"史"之本义告诉了我们一个湮没于忘川之深渊的事实:在中国史学的前《春秋》即前编年体历史时代,史学的人类经验基础和源初对象是栖居于共同世界之间并且活动于公共政治领域之中的人们确证其能力和自我显现的实践活动与其结果,史学的典型特征在于它的政治本性,史学本质上是一门关于人是"谁"(who)和人是"什么"(what)的学问。进而言之,在孔子修《春秋》或编年体史学之前,特别是在源初时代,中国史学亦即是中国哲学,是穿着厚重古朴的历史外衣的哲学,或者说是以哲学为导向的史学。
[Abstract]:The key to understanding the meaning of "history" lies in the fact that the word "history" has always been neglected. " The word "Shi" and "mouth", in the form of metaphor and symbolism, define the basis of the human experience of "history", that is, the speech, creation, or action of people living in the common world and living in the field of public politics. " Another component of the word "Shi" indicates that "mouth" and "re", that is, words and deeds, are inextricably linked together and thus belong to one. Thus, a reasonable explanation of the meaning of "history" can only be realistic, living and active, as a speaker, The actions and actions of the creators and actors in the common world in which they live, especially in the field of public politics. In other words, words and deeds are sIsIsI's "historical sI". This, in the sense of historical ontology (existentialism / ontology), is exactly what the scholars of the Han Dynasty called "the left historical book, the right historical book" or "the left historical record, the right historical record". The original meaning of history tells us a fact that lies in the abyss of oblivion: in the pre-Chun and Autumn period of Chinese historiography, which is the historical era of pre-chronological style, The basis of human experience and the primary object of historiography are the practical activities and the results of which the people living in the common world and active in the field of public politics prove their abilities and self-manifestation. The typical feature of historiography lies in its political nature. Historiography is essentially a knowledge of who is (who) and what is (what). Furthermore, before Confucius revised the Spring and Autumn period or chronicled historiography, especially in the early Yuan Dynasty, Chinese historiography, that is, Chinese philosophy, was a philosophy in the cloak of ancient history, or philosophy oriented historiography.
【作者单位】：河南大学世界历史研究所;河南大学《史学月刊》编辑部;
【分类号】：K092

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