人文史观和科学史观的互补——孔子人文史学与汉儒对它的继承与发展
发布时间：2019-05-31 16:54
【摘要】：史学是对历史的反思,经过反思的历史与客观自在的历史过程并不相同。史学理论则是反思的反思。从今天看,此种“反思”的史学理论有两大类型,一种是“科学”的,或自觉以科学眼光研究历史的理论;一种是人文史学的。前者重资料与事件的客观记述,重物质资料的生产及其对历史的影响;后者重文化精神对历史发展的影响与对历史的价值意义的发掘与弘扬。前者着重的是物质、物质生产力;后者着重的是精神、“精神生产力”。中国传统史学的主要特征是道义史观与文化史观。道义史观强调修史以明道,修道以明史;文化史观则注重文化的成就和它的发展,把精神生产力所创造的文化及其对历史发展的作用置于首位。孔子是这两种人文史观的首位自觉奠基者。人文史观能够对科学史观形成重要补益。仅仅以科学史观反思历史,容易出现见物、见事不见人的问题,或者忽略文化、道德价值、人性力量及历史人物对历史发展的动态作用。人类历史绝不是低层次的或自在的物质资料的生产实践活动的重复累积,物质生产的进步离不开人类精神力量、精神风貌、精神成就的重要作用和影响。没有精神文化的进步就没有人的进步,没有人的进步就不可能推动物质生产实践的发展。即使是被压迫阶级的反抗与斗争的也往往只能在先进文化的引导下才能成功。事实证明,只有将人文史观与科学史观有机结合,才能对历史作出更为合理和完整的分析与评价。
[Abstract]:Historiography is a reflection on history, and the reflected history is not the same as the objective and free historical process. The theory of historiography is the reflection of reflection. From today's point of view, there are two types of such "reflective" historiography theory, one is "scientific", or consciously studies history from a scientific perspective, the other is humanistic historiography. The former emphasizes the objective description of materials and events, the production of material materials and their influence on history, while the latter emphasizes the influence of cultural spirit on historical development and the exploration and promotion of historical value and significance. The former focuses on material and material productive forces, while the latter focuses on spiritual and spiritual productive forces. The main characteristics of Chinese traditional historiography are moral history and cultural history. The view of moral history emphasizes the cultivation of history with Ming Tao, while the view of culture history pays attention to the achievements of culture and its development, putting the culture created by spiritual productive forces and its role in historical development in the first place. Confucius is the first conscious founder of these two views of humanistic history. The view of humanistic history can be of great benefit to the view of scientific history. Simply reflecting on history with the view of history of science, it is easy to see things, see things without people, or ignore the dynamic role of culture, moral value, human power and historical figures on historical development. Human history is by no means the repeated accumulation of the production practice of low-level or free material materials, and the progress of material production can not be separated from the important role and influence of human spiritual strength, spiritual style and spiritual achievement. Without the progress of spiritual culture, there can be no progress of people, without the progress of people can not promote the development of material production practice. Even the resistance and struggle of the oppressed class can only succeed under the guidance of advanced culture. Facts have proved that only by organically combining the view of human history with the view of history of science can we make a more reasonable and complete analysis and evaluation of history.
【作者单位】： 中国文化书院;
【分类号】：K03
，
本文编号：2489862
[Abstract]:Historiography is a reflection on history, and the reflected history is not the same as the objective and free historical process. The theory of historiography is the reflection of reflection. From today's point of view, there are two types of such "reflective" historiography theory, one is "scientific", or consciously studies history from a scientific perspective, the other is humanistic historiography. The former emphasizes the objective description of materials and events, the production of material materials and their influence on history, while the latter emphasizes the influence of cultural spirit on historical development and the exploration and promotion of historical value and significance. The former focuses on material and material productive forces, while the latter focuses on spiritual and spiritual productive forces. The main characteristics of Chinese traditional historiography are moral history and cultural history. The view of moral history emphasizes the cultivation of history with Ming Tao, while the view of culture history pays attention to the achievements of culture and its development, putting the culture created by spiritual productive forces and its role in historical development in the first place. Confucius is the first conscious founder of these two views of humanistic history. The view of humanistic history can be of great benefit to the view of scientific history. Simply reflecting on history with the view of history of science, it is easy to see things, see things without people, or ignore the dynamic role of culture, moral value, human power and historical figures on historical development. Human history is by no means the repeated accumulation of the production practice of low-level or free material materials, and the progress of material production can not be separated from the important role and influence of human spiritual strength, spiritual style and spiritual achievement. Without the progress of spiritual culture, there can be no progress of people, without the progress of people can not promote the development of material production practice. Even the resistance and struggle of the oppressed class can only succeed under the guidance of advanced culture. Facts have proved that only by organically combining the view of human history with the view of history of science can we make a more reasonable and complete analysis and evaluation of history.
【作者单位】： 中国文化书院;
【分类号】：K03
，
本文编号：2489862
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