新旧之争:晚清中国史学话语体系变迁述论

发布时间：2019-06-17 20:32

【摘要】：中国史学话语是中国学人关于历史的思维逻辑、言说方式和书写法则,包括史学的概念、术语、范畴、命题和史家的价值判断、思想情感。自春秋以降至于清代乾嘉时期形成的一套完整的传统史学话语体系,在19世纪后半期仍自成一脉。以李慈铭、谭献等为代表的旧派史家,运用的术语不出传统史学话语的范畴。但在1902年前后,中国史学固有的宗旨、范畴和研究路径受到了前所未有的质疑与挑战。最终旧话语逐渐淡出人们的视野,取而代之的是"科学""进化"和"文明"等新理念。在清季新史学话语中,"民史"是一个重要范畴,具有学术理想与政治诉求的双重意义。将新史学话语体系置于整个史学发展中加以贯通考察,其得失与功过实在耐人寻味。它缺乏沉淀的过程,缺少标志性成果作支撑,继承传统远不及借鉴西学来得猛烈和虔诚。它主要是受外来思想的刺激与启发,不是中国史学水到渠成的自省。因为切断了与传统的血脉,清季新史家面临难以消弭的中西对话的困境,导致了学术上的不自信。尽管新史学话语存在诸多不足,但20世纪以来的史学家不能无视晚清新史学话语体系,因为它是中国现代史学的一个重要理论形态,而后来史家所要重建的史学王国又正是建立在晚清史学批评家清理过的废墟之上的。
[Abstract]:The discourse of Chinese historiography is the thinking logic, way of speech and writing law of Chinese scholars about history, including the concept, terminology, category, proposition and value judgment of historian, thought and emotion. Since the Spring and Autumn period, a complete set of traditional historical discourse system formed in the Qianjia period of the Qing Dynasty has still become a pulse in the second half of the 19th century. The old school historians represented by Li Ciming and Tan Xian can not use the terms out of the category of traditional historical discourse. However, around 1902, the inherent purpose, category and research path of Chinese historiography have been questioned and challenged unprecedented. In the end, the old words gradually faded out of sight and were replaced by new ideas such as "science", "evolution" and "civilization". In the discourse of new historiography in Qing Dynasty, "folk history" is an important category, which has the dual significance of academic ideal and political appeal. It is interesting to investigate the discourse system of new historiography in the whole development of historiography. It lacks the precipitation process, lacks the iconic achievement as the support, inherits the tradition far less than draws lessons from the western study to be violent and pious. It is mainly stimulated and inspired by foreign ideas, not a natural introspect of Chinese historiography. Because of cutting off the blood from the tradition, the new historians of the Qing Dynasty were faced with the dilemma of inextricable dialogue between China and the West, which led to academic disconfidence. Although there are many shortcomings in the discourse of new historiography, historians since the 20th century can not ignore the discourse system of new historiography in the late Qing Dynasty, because it is an important theoretical form of modern Chinese historiography, and the historiography kingdom to be rebuilt by historians was built on the ruins cleaned up by historiography critics in the late Qing Dynasty.
【作者单位】：四川师范大学历史文化学院;
【分类号】：K092

【共引文献】