美国南中国海政策分析

发布时间：2018-05-03 02:22

本文选题：南中国海 + 美国　；参考：《吉林大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：南中国海一直以来是中国不可侵犯的神圣领土,且处于重要的战略位置。近年来,由于发现南中国海蕴藏着丰富的石油、天然气资源,周边国家在已经占领主权原本属于中国的大部分岛礁的基础上,纷纷利用地理优势进行油气资源的开采。其中部分国家以合作的形式将外部势力引入到南中国海区域内,企图增加中国政府对该海域行使主权的难度。这不但造成了现在复杂的局面,也使南中国海问题成为了当今重要的热点问题。在解决南中国海问题的过程中,美国无疑是最具影响力的国家。到目前为止,美国依然拥有世界上最强的经济军事实力,对南中国海局势的影响举足轻重。而美国的南中国海政策也随着国际局势和国家利益诉求的变化而发生着改变。美国在南中国海地区活动的由来已久。美国早在十九世纪就开始在南中国海地区施加自身的影响力。从最早的开辟航道到占领菲律宾作为殖民地,都体现着美国与南中国海的渊源。二战时期,美国将该地区用于遏制日本的扩张,并在该地区对日本法西斯的侵略进行了坚决的回击。冷战时期,美苏两大国在世界范围内展开了争夺,这其中也包括南中国海地区。越战以后,美国虽然在一段时期内保持了守势,但是仍同苏联在该地区展开紧张的对抗。期间,出于自身利益的考虑,美国对于中国的主权虽未给予明确肯定,但对周边国家对于南中国海岛礁的主权要求也没有公开支持。在这一段时间内,美国的政策可以说是比较中立的。在冷战结束后,随着苏联解体和中国逐渐崛起,美国的政策开始变得积极起来,不断同东盟国家举行军事演习,并保持在南中国海的军事存在。同时,美国不断加强与日本印度的联系,以保持其在南中国海的主导地位。当今,美国在全球范围内都拥有广泛的利益。特别是在亚太地区,美国拥有多个军事盟友,并且其自身在此也拥有着重要的经济和政治利益。其中,遏制正在高速发展的中国,保持在南中国海航道的畅通以及维护该地区局势的稳定都被美国视为重要的国家利益。这些利益也是决定其政策走向的重要因素。此外,在南中国海区域内,美国、中国和东盟之间在争取地区事务主导权的过程中,随着各自力量的变化而发生了权力转移与所扮演角色的变换。加之区域外的大国,如日本、印度、俄罗斯在参与该地区事务时对美国产生的影响,都左右着美国政策的变化。还要指出的是,美国在南中国海的行动受到各种制度条约的影响,这其中多数是有利于美国在该区域行动的。在对南中国海的话语表达中,美国也妄图通过霸权话语,来掌握该地区话语的主导权。在未来一段时期内,美国的南中国海政策将继续维护其国家利益为核心,其中主要包括:保持在该地区的军事存在,保证航道安全的同时防范中国崛起带来的变化。显然,美国的南中国海政策从整体上来讲对中国是不利的。因此,中国也要出台有效的政策来应对美国。
[Abstract]:The South China Sea has always been an inviolable sacred territory in China and is in an important strategic position. In recent years, the South China Sea has found rich oil and natural gas resources, and the surrounding countries have used geographical advantages to open oil and gas resources on the basis of the majority of the island reefs that have already occupied the sovereignty of China. Some countries have introduced the external forces into the South China Sea in the form of cooperation, trying to increase the difficulty of the Chinese government to exercise sovereignty over the sea area. This has not only caused the complex situation, but also made the South China Sea an important hot issue. In the process of solving the South China sea problem, the United States is doubtless It is the most influential country. So far, the United States still has the strongest economic and military power in the world and has a significant impact on the situation in the South China Sea, and the South China Sea Policy of the United States has changed with the changes in the international situation and the demands of national interests.
The United States has been active in the South China Sea for a long time. The United States began to exert its influence in the South China Sea as early as nineteenth Century. From the earliest opening of the channel to the occupation of Philippines as a colony, the United States reflected the origin of the United States and the South China Sea. During the Second World War, the United States used the region to contain Japan's expansion. In the cold war period, the two countries of the United States and the Soviet Union were competing in the world, including the South China Sea. After the Vietnam War, the United States remained conservative in the region for a period of time, but in the period of its own interest. The United States has not given a clear affirmation of its sovereignty over China, but there is no public support for the sovereignty of the neighboring countries on the sovereignty of the South China Sea Island reefs. The United States continued to strengthen its ties with India in the South China Sea to maintain its dominance in the South China Sea, as it continued to hold military exercises with ASEAN countries and maintained its military presence in the South China Sea.
Today, the United States has a wide range of interests around the world. Especially in the Asia Pacific region, the United States has many military allies and has its own important economic and political interests. It is also an important national interest. These interests are also an important factor in determining the trend of their policies. In addition, in the South China Sea region, the United States, China and ASEAN have changed the power transfer and role in the process of striving for regional affairs, as well as the changes in the role of power, as well as the great powers outside the region, such as Japan. The influence of the India and Russia on the region's involvement in the United States has been influenced by the changes in American policy. It is also pointed out that the United States' action in the South China Sea is affected by various institutional treaties, most of which are conducive to the United States' action in the region. Over hegemonic discourse, to grasp the dominant power of discourse in the region.
In the coming period, the South China Sea Policy of the United States will continue to maintain its national interests as the core, including maintaining the military presence in the region, ensuring the safety of the waterway and preventing the changes brought by the rise of China. Obviously, the policy of the South China Sea in the United States is unfavourable to China as a whole. Effective policies are introduced to deal with the United States.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D871.2;D822.3

【引证文献】