中等大国的分化与概念重塑
发布时间：2019-04-17 20:47
【摘要】：随着国际政治的多元化发展及相互依存的不断加深，以大国为主导的集团政治和极化政治的影响力正在减弱，一批具有一定实力的国家在国际舞台上逐渐以区别于大国的方式在扩展自己的影响，，树立自己的政治形象，中等大国这一定义就是对这些国家的一种比较恰当的概括。 中等大国的概念古已有之，最早可以追溯到15世纪的欧洲国家体系，只不过其在二战之后迅速发展，形成了一定的理论概念和框架，国际体系中出现了一批被国际社会视为中等大国的国家，创造了中等大国研究的第一波高潮。从冷战后期开始，许多国家借助新的国际形势，在参与全球治理和完善既有体系结构的过程中凸显了自身的地位和特色。中等大国的范围在广大学者的理论建构中不断扩大，形成了中等大国研究的第二波高潮，但是扩大的范围却与原有的理论产生了某种程度的紧张和冲突。 有鉴于中等大国在全球治理、国际权力转移和国际体系重塑方面所产生的重大作用，同时也为了对目前的中等大国理论解释力不足的问题加以解决，因此有必要对中等大国以概念为核心的理论框架进行某种重塑。 中等大国的概念经过了从政策性中等大国层面向学理性中等大国层面转变的过程，但是在很长时间内都没能摆脱结构现实主义框架的束缚。在以往的研究中，学者们从结构现实主义的逻辑出发，认为中等大国的对外行为和对外政策的根本目的在于维护体系的稳定，但是却没有对体系稳定这一基本目的进行明确的界定。而在急剧变化的国际环境和国家间关系中，对此目的的重新评估具有基础性和决定性的意义与价值。随着国际背景的不断变化、中等大国数量的增多和多样性的增强，原有中等大国的概念分析框架已经无法满足对于现有问题的解释，也难以预测中等大国未来可能的发展方向。 问题的核心在于原有的中等大国概念忽视了体系作为一种进程性系统的根本特征，也忽视了体系内的要素流动对于体系结构的显著影响和作用。在全球治理背景下的国际关系不仅要关注国家的基础性实体以及军事安全等问题，更应该关注资本、知识、价值和理念这些依托于进程性结构并创造进程性结构的要素。这有助于我们理解国际体系结构变化的内在逻辑和发展方向，并从根本上解决目前所面临的问题。中等大国的发展历程及其固有的国家特性本质上同这些要素息息相关，所以文章尝试从发展和资源流动的视角重新观察中等大国，以期部分弥补现有概念和研究框架的不足。 因此，本文围绕着中等大国概念进行的分析将拓展为几个彼此具有逻辑联系的部分，对中等大国序列的重新确定，对体系稳定特征的重新分析，对中等大国所处时代环境的纵向比较以及对不同中等大国个体的异同性分析都将是本文所讨论的重点。最终，这些部分又将被综合从而形成对中等大国相关问题以发展为导向的重新认识。
[Abstract]:With the development of the pluralistic development of the international politics and the deepening of the interdependence, the influence of the political and polarized politics of the group dominated by the great power is weakening, and a group of countries with a certain power has gradually expanded its influence on the international stage in a way that is different from the great power, To set up its own political image, the definition of the middle-power is a more appropriate generalization of these countries. The concept of the middle-power is ancient, and it can be traced back to the system of European countries in the 15th century, but it has developed rapidly after the Second World War, forming a certain theoretical concept and framework, and a group of countries that have been regarded as the middle-power in the international system Home, created the first wave of the middle-power study. The tide. Since the end of the cold war, many countries, with the help of the new international situation, have highlighted their status and the special role in the process of participating in the global governance and the improvement of the existing architecture The scope of the middle power is expanding continuously in the theoretical construction of a wide range of scholars, forming the second wave of the middle-power study, but the scope of the expansion is in a certain degree of tension and shock with the original theory. In the light of the major role of the middle Powers in global governance, the transfer of international power and the remodelling of the international system, there is also a need to explain the inadequacy of the current theory of middle-power. in ord to solve that problem, it is necessary to carry out a certain theoretical framework with the concept of the middle-power as the core The concept of the middle power has gone through the process of changing from the policy middle-power level to the middle-power level of the science reason, but it has not been able to get rid of the structural realism in a long time In the past research, scholars, from the logic of structural realism, believe that the fundamental purpose of the external behavior and foreign policy of the middle-power is to maintain the stability of the system, but it has not carried on the basic purpose of system stability. Clearly defined, and in a rapidly changing international environment and inter-State relations, the re-assessment of this purpose is fundamental and decisive With the changing of the international background, the increase of the number of middle powers and the enhancement of the diversity, the conceptual analysis framework of the original medium power has not been able to meet the interpretation of the existing problems, and it is difficult to predict the future of the middle-power The core of the problem is that the original medium-power concept ignores the system as the basic characteristic of a process system, and also ignores the element flow in the system for the architecture The international relations in the context of global governance not only focus on the basic entity of the country and the military security, but also pay more attention to the capital, the knowledge, the value and the idea which are based on the process structure and create The elements of the course structure. This helps us to understand the internal logic and the direction of development of the changes in the international architecture, and to fundamentally solve the problem The development of the middle-power and its inherent national character are closely related to these factors, so the article tries to re-view the middle-power from the perspective of development and resource flow, with a view to partially making up the existing concept. Therefore, the analysis of the concept of middle-power countries will be expanded into a few parts with logical connections to each other, the re-determination of the middle-power sequence and the system The re-analysis of the stability features, the longitudinal comparison of the environment in the middle of the middle-power and the analysis of the similarities and differences of the individual in different middle-power countries This is the focus of the discussion. In the end, these parts will be integrated to form the issues related to the middle powers.
【学位授予单位】：中共江苏省委党校
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D81
本文编号：2459779
[Abstract]:With the development of the pluralistic development of the international politics and the deepening of the interdependence, the influence of the political and polarized politics of the group dominated by the great power is weakening, and a group of countries with a certain power has gradually expanded its influence on the international stage in a way that is different from the great power, To set up its own political image, the definition of the middle-power is a more appropriate generalization of these countries. The concept of the middle-power is ancient, and it can be traced back to the system of European countries in the 15th century, but it has developed rapidly after the Second World War, forming a certain theoretical concept and framework, and a group of countries that have been regarded as the middle-power in the international system Home, created the first wave of the middle-power study. The tide. Since the end of the cold war, many countries, with the help of the new international situation, have highlighted their status and the special role in the process of participating in the global governance and the improvement of the existing architecture The scope of the middle power is expanding continuously in the theoretical construction of a wide range of scholars, forming the second wave of the middle-power study, but the scope of the expansion is in a certain degree of tension and shock with the original theory. In the light of the major role of the middle Powers in global governance, the transfer of international power and the remodelling of the international system, there is also a need to explain the inadequacy of the current theory of middle-power. in ord to solve that problem, it is necessary to carry out a certain theoretical framework with the concept of the middle-power as the core The concept of the middle power has gone through the process of changing from the policy middle-power level to the middle-power level of the science reason, but it has not been able to get rid of the structural realism in a long time In the past research, scholars, from the logic of structural realism, believe that the fundamental purpose of the external behavior and foreign policy of the middle-power is to maintain the stability of the system, but it has not carried on the basic purpose of system stability. Clearly defined, and in a rapidly changing international environment and inter-State relations, the re-assessment of this purpose is fundamental and decisive With the changing of the international background, the increase of the number of middle powers and the enhancement of the diversity, the conceptual analysis framework of the original medium power has not been able to meet the interpretation of the existing problems, and it is difficult to predict the future of the middle-power The core of the problem is that the original medium-power concept ignores the system as the basic characteristic of a process system, and also ignores the element flow in the system for the architecture The international relations in the context of global governance not only focus on the basic entity of the country and the military security, but also pay more attention to the capital, the knowledge, the value and the idea which are based on the process structure and create The elements of the course structure. This helps us to understand the internal logic and the direction of development of the changes in the international architecture, and to fundamentally solve the problem The development of the middle-power and its inherent national character are closely related to these factors, so the article tries to re-view the middle-power from the perspective of development and resource flow, with a view to partially making up the existing concept. Therefore, the analysis of the concept of middle-power countries will be expanded into a few parts with logical connections to each other, the re-determination of the middle-power sequence and the system The re-analysis of the stability features, the longitudinal comparison of the environment in the middle of the middle-power and the analysis of the similarities and differences of the individual in different middle-power countries This is the focus of the discussion. In the end, these parts will be integrated to form the issues related to the middle powers.
【学位授予单位】：中共江苏省委党校
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D81
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