葛兰西知识分子理论及其当代价值

发布时间：2018-03-23 17:22

本文选题：葛兰西　切入点：有机知识分子　出处：《福建师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：葛兰西知识分子理论的提出,是从社会生产角度继承和发展马克思的知识分子观,从实践角度超越克罗齐历史哲学中的知识分子论,以及从知识分子掌握文化领导权的角度综合索列尔和列宁革命思想的结果。葛兰西从经济、意识形态和政治的总体性联系出发,在承认经济基础的最终决定作用前提下,赋予意识形态和国家机器显著的自主性,并把市民社会内在于“完全国家”概念中,突出文化与意识形态的重要性,提出有机知识分子的历史使命,即激发社会批判意识,在文化道德和职业技术方面发挥教育大众的职能,将个人的自由意志整合为集体意志,建构总体性的历史集团,赢得市民社会文化领导权阵地战的胜利。中国知识分子应当立足非同一性的当代语境,既要借鉴葛兰西关于文化领导权争夺战的思路,警惕西方文化意识形态的渗透,维护国家文化安全,致力于世界文化多样性的发展,又要借鉴葛兰西的商谈机制,建立包容差异而融贯一致的社会主义新文化。在革命政治日益转向话语政治的当代中国,知识分子要吸收有机知识分子批判精神,塑造“抵抗的知识分子”的社会角色。当代科技发达的资本主义社会暴露了有机知识分子理论的局限性：有机知识分子革命实践的可能性甚微,乌托邦理想现实化导致专制主义产生,对知识分子“有机性”的强调恰恰消解了“有机性”的内容,这都应受到深刻反思,以适应时代发展。
[Abstract]:The proposition of Gramsci's theory of intellectuals is to inherit and develop Marx's view of intellectuals from the angle of social production, and to transcend the theory of intellectuals in Croce's historical philosophy from the point of view of practice. And from the angle of intellectuals' mastery of cultural leadership, it synthesizes the results of Solier's and Lenin's revolutionary thoughts. Gramsci, proceeding from the overall connection among economy, ideology and politics, recognizes the final decisive role of the economic base. Giving the ideology and the state machine remarkable autonomy, putting the civil society in the concept of "complete state", highlighting the importance of culture and ideology, putting forward the historical mission of the organic intellectuals, that is, arousing the social critical consciousness. In the aspect of cultural morality and vocational technology, the function of educating the masses, integrating individual free will into collective will, constructing a total historical group, and winning the victory of civil society cultural leadership battle. Chinese intellectuals should base themselves on the contemporary context of non-identity. They should draw lessons from Gramsci's ideas on the struggle for cultural leadership, guard against the infiltration of western cultural ideology, and safeguard national cultural security. Committed to the development of cultural diversity in the world, and drawing lessons from Gramsci's negotiation mechanism, we should establish a new socialist culture that embraces differences and melts consistent. In contemporary China, where revolutionary politics is increasingly turning to discourse politics, Intellectuals should absorb the critical spirit of organic intellectuals and shape the social role of "resistant intellectuals". The modern capitalist society with advanced science and technology exposed the limitations of the organic intellectual theory: the organic intellectuals had little possibility of revolutionary practice, the utopian ideal reality led to autocracy. The emphasis on the "organic nature" of intellectuals has precisely eliminated the content of "organic nature", which should be deeply reconsidered in order to adapt to the development of the times.
【学位授予单位】：福建师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：G05

【参考文献】