霍克海默大众文化批判理论研究

发布时间：2018-04-27 23:03

本文选题：霍克海默 + 法兰克福学派　；参考：《上海师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：马克思·霍克海默是德国的第一位社会哲学教授,是法兰克福学派的创始人。他开创性地反思和批判大众文化,为之后法兰克福学派思想家进行大众文化研究、丰富大众文化理论奠定基础。霍克海默的大众文化批判理论是在法西斯纳粹主义德国和工业文明高度发达的资本主义美国中产生的,在他看来,德国与美国的独裁形式不同,但同样有着产生独裁主义人格的土壤。霍克海默借鉴马克思的异化理论和人本主义思想,继承马克思主义哲学的批判精神,还受到西方马克思主义前辈们批判理论的影响,在对前人的批判继承中书写自己对于大众文化的批判。霍克海默对大众文化的基本特征,即商品化特征、技术化特征、标准化特征、强制化特征进行深入研究,进而对文化工业进行全面的批判。“文化工业”是霍克海默和阿道尔诺在二人合著的《启蒙辩证法》一书中首次提出的概念,认为在晚期资本主义社会,大众文化以“文化工业”的形式出场,并且已经实现了意识形态化,成为维护统治、统摄大众的工具。通过对文化工业基本特征的分析,霍克海默深刻而全面地批判了文化工业。围绕以上主题,本文对霍克海默的大众文化批判理论进行研究。首先,通过分析霍克海默大众文化批判理论产生的历史语境和思想来源,剖析该理论产生的社会历史背景,挖掘该理论的思想来源,真正理解霍克海默对于大众文化的尖锐批判。其次,从辨析“大众文化”的概念入手,分析霍克海默眼中大众文化的特征,以及法兰克福学派发展史上具有里程碑意义的思想著作《启蒙辩证法》中的文化批判,对其思想的主要内容进行系统的梳理和概括。第三,集中论述霍克海默大众文化批判理论的得与失,分析它在启迪大众、文化研究和对资本主义认识上的理论贡献,也指出它缺乏辩证性、忽视大众文化的积极意义以及低估大众的主观能动性这三方面的局限。最后,客观分析当代中国大众文化发展中出现的问题,主张辩证对待霍克海默的大众文化批判理论,构建具有中国特色的社会主义大众文化。
[Abstract]:Marx Horkheimer was the first professor of social philosophy in Germany and the founder of Frankfurt School. His groundbreaking reflection and criticism of popular culture laid the foundation for the later Frankfurt School thinkers to study popular culture and enrich the theory of popular culture. Horkheimer's theory of popular cultural criticism was developed in fascist Nazi Germany and the capitalist United States, where industrial civilization is highly developed. In his view, Germany and the United States have different forms of dictatorship. But there is also soil for authoritarianism. Horkheimer drew lessons from Marx's alienation theory and humanism thought, inherited the critical spirit of Marxist philosophy, and was also influenced by the western Marxist predecessors' critical theory. In the criticism of predecessors in the inheritance of their own criticism of popular culture. Horkheimer made a thorough study on the basic characteristics of popular culture, that is, commercialization, technology, standardization and compulsion, and then criticized the cultural industry in an all-round way. "Cultural Industry" is the first concept put forward by Horkheimer and Adorno in their book Dialectics of Enlightenment, which holds that in the late capitalist society, mass culture appeared in the form of "cultural industry". And has realized the ideology, has become the maintenance rule, dominates the populace tool. Through the analysis of the basic characteristics of cultural industry, Horkheimer deeply and comprehensively criticized the cultural industry. Around above theme, this article carries on the research to Horkheimer's mass culture critical theory. First of all, by analyzing the historical context and ideological sources of Horkheimer's popular culture criticism theory, and analyzing the social and historical background of the theory, the author excavates the ideological source of the theory. Truly understand Horkheimer's sharp criticism of popular culture. Secondly, starting with the analysis of the concept of "popular culture", this paper analyzes the characteristics of popular culture in Horkheimer's eyes, and the cultural criticism in the landmark ideological work "Dialectics of Enlightenment" in the history of the Frankfurt School. The main contents of his thoughts are systematically combed and summarized. Thirdly, it focuses on the gains and losses of Horkheimer's critical theory of mass culture, analyzes its theoretical contribution to enlightening the masses, cultural research and understanding of capitalism, and points out that it lacks dialectics. Ignore the positive meaning of popular culture and underestimate the subjective initiative of the public. Finally, the paper objectively analyzes the problems in the development of contemporary Chinese popular culture, and advocates the dialectical treatment of Horkheimer's theory of mass culture criticism and the construction of socialist mass culture with Chinese characteristics.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G02

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