费耶阿本德的自由社会理论
发布时间：2018-08-06 09:11
【摘要】：启蒙运动后,科学逐步体现出优越性,丰富的科技成果提高了人类生活水平。科学占据社会中心并向非科学扩张,使得全社会都追求“科学化”。但是随着社会对科学的推崇过度,科学弊端也随之逐步凸显。难以预料的自然问题和社会问题的不断出现,严重阻碍了社会发展进步,压制了人们的自由和权利,甚至威胁人类生存。费耶阿本德认为科学的社会优越性是一种社会文化霸权,称之为科学沙文主义。费耶阿本德通过对科学沙文主义和科学家的社会判决权的批判,进而提出了自由社会理论。自由社会理论认为科学文化和其他诸多非科学文化都是平等自由的。不同文化都是根据具体环境、符合特定人群意愿而发展起来的,各文化都有其存在的合理性与价值。科学文化应该坚守在领域内部,而不应该干涉其他文化的发展。社会事务也应该通过公民讨论后由直接相关人决策,而科学家只有建议权。 自由社会理论在反思科学的社会优越性、提倡民主自由的观念、保护文化多样性和保护非科学文化的成员的利益等方面对现代社会的建设与改革都极具参考价值。但费耶阿本德现代社会发展中遇到的问题简单地归结为科学文化对非科学文化的压迫,这一观点是值得商榷的,问题的根源应该是不同文化问的关系问题,科学文化的优越性与社会文化的多样性并非不可兼容。所以,更好的社会模式应该是这样的：总体而言,承认科学文化在社会发展中体现出的优越性,科学文化及理性方法应该是人们认识世界、改造世界的基础。局部而言,同时也承认社会文化的多样性。在处理具体问题时要考虑问题所处具体文化环境的特殊性,将科学方法与具体环境相结合,与具体环境的人们的意愿相结合。
[Abstract]:After the Enlightenment, science gradually showed its superiority, and the rich scientific and technological achievements improved the living standards of human beings. Science occupies the center of society and expands to non-science, which makes the whole society pursue scientization. However, with the society's excessive praise of science, the drawbacks of science are gradually highlighted. The emergence of unpredictable natural and social problems seriously hinders the progress of social development, suppresses people's freedom and rights, and even threatens the survival of mankind. Feyerabend thinks that the social superiority of science is a kind of social and cultural hegemony, which is called scientific chauvinism. By criticizing scientific chauvinism and scientists' right of social judgment, Feyerabend put forward the theory of free society. The theory of free society holds that scientific culture and many other non-scientific cultures are equal and free. Different cultures are developed according to specific environment and according with the wishes of specific people. Each culture has its own rationality and value of existence. Science and culture should remain within the realm and should not interfere with the development of other cultures. Social affairs should also be decided by people directly concerned after citizen discussion, and scientists have only the right to advise. The theory of free society is of great reference value to the construction and reform of modern society in the aspects of reflecting on the social superiority of science, advocating the concept of democracy and freedom, protecting cultural diversity and protecting the interests of members of non-scientific culture. However, the problems encountered in the development of Feyerabend's modern society can simply be attributed to the oppression of scientific culture on non-scientific culture. This view is open to question, and the root of the problem should be the question of the relationship between different cultures. The superiority of science and culture is not incompatible with the diversity of social culture. Therefore, a better social model should be like this: in general, recognizing the superiority of scientific culture in social development, scientific culture and rational methods should be the basis for people to understand and transform the world. In part, it also recognizes the diversity of society and culture. When dealing with specific problems, we should consider the particularity of the specific cultural environment in which the problem is located, and combine the scientific methods with the specific environment and the will of the people in the specific environment.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：G0
本文编号：2167242
[Abstract]:After the Enlightenment, science gradually showed its superiority, and the rich scientific and technological achievements improved the living standards of human beings. Science occupies the center of society and expands to non-science, which makes the whole society pursue scientization. However, with the society's excessive praise of science, the drawbacks of science are gradually highlighted. The emergence of unpredictable natural and social problems seriously hinders the progress of social development, suppresses people's freedom and rights, and even threatens the survival of mankind. Feyerabend thinks that the social superiority of science is a kind of social and cultural hegemony, which is called scientific chauvinism. By criticizing scientific chauvinism and scientists' right of social judgment, Feyerabend put forward the theory of free society. The theory of free society holds that scientific culture and many other non-scientific cultures are equal and free. Different cultures are developed according to specific environment and according with the wishes of specific people. Each culture has its own rationality and value of existence. Science and culture should remain within the realm and should not interfere with the development of other cultures. Social affairs should also be decided by people directly concerned after citizen discussion, and scientists have only the right to advise. The theory of free society is of great reference value to the construction and reform of modern society in the aspects of reflecting on the social superiority of science, advocating the concept of democracy and freedom, protecting cultural diversity and protecting the interests of members of non-scientific culture. However, the problems encountered in the development of Feyerabend's modern society can simply be attributed to the oppression of scientific culture on non-scientific culture. This view is open to question, and the root of the problem should be the question of the relationship between different cultures. The superiority of science and culture is not incompatible with the diversity of social culture. Therefore, a better social model should be like this: in general, recognizing the superiority of scientific culture in social development, scientific culture and rational methods should be the basis for people to understand and transform the world. In part, it also recognizes the diversity of society and culture. When dealing with specific problems, we should consider the particularity of the specific cultural environment in which the problem is located, and combine the scientific methods with the specific environment and the will of the people in the specific environment.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：G0
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