法国“文化例外”原则的政治分析

发布时间：2018-08-07 15:42

【摘要】：自1993年“乌拉圭回合”GATT谈判开始,关于“文化例外”的争论就一直持续。这场争论代表着美国文化政策模式与法国文化政策模式之争,实质上反映的是双方关于“政府是否应该对文化事务进行干预”这一问题的分歧。法国政府在世界贸易谈判中坚持“文化例外”原则,认为文化尤其是影视音像产品应例外于普通商品,不应列入自由贸易市场体系,因而政府有权对它们进行干预。本文主要采用文献研究的方法,以“文化例外”为切入点,深入分析法国文化政策背后的政治传统根源。“文化例外”原则是由法国政府、公众舆论、文化精英以及欧盟的共同作用而成。法国对“文化例外”原则的坚持,对“文化多样性”的追求,一定程度上投射出了法国文化政策逻辑,总结为以下四个方面：第一,政府有义务也应有权力对文化进行干预；第二,政府应保护法国文化独立以抵制美国化威胁；第三,文化具有社会公共价值而不能由市场主宰；第四,法国坚持追求“文化多样性”以保护民族文化。经过进一步的分析,本文总结认为,之所以法国政府、政党、公众、精英等政策影响力量能够如此默契地走向“文化例外”,究其根源在于：法国的国家干预主义政策传统、独立自主外交传统、平等主义政治文化传统、民族主义思想传统。“文化例外”原则带来的影响有：保护了法国影视音像行业、推广了法国文化、提高了法国政治外交影响力。“文化例外”也由于无法真正发展法国文化这一局限性而面临着很多挑战。本文结合法国“文化例外”实践经验教训和中国国情,提出了一些对中国文化政策有益的建议。
[Abstract]:Since the Uruguay Round of GATT negotiations in 1993, the debate on cultural exceptions has continued. This dispute represents the dispute between the American cultural policy model and the French cultural policy model, and essentially reflects the differences between the two sides on whether the government should intervene in cultural affairs. In the world trade negotiations, the French government insists on the principle of "cultural exception", which holds that culture, especially audiovisual products, should be excluded from ordinary commodities and should not be included in the free trade market system, so the government has the right to intervene in them. This article mainly adopts the method of literature research, taking "cultural exception" as the breakthrough point, deeply analyzes the political tradition root behind the French cultural policy. The "cultural exception" principle is a function of the French government, public opinion, cultural elite and the European Union. France's adherence to the principle of "cultural exception" and the pursuit of "cultural diversity" to a certain extent project the logic of French cultural policy, which is summed up in the following four aspects: first, the government has the obligation to intervene in culture as well; Second, the government should protect the French cultural independence to resist the threat of Americanization; third, culture has social public value and cannot be dominated by the market; fourth, France insists on pursuing "cultural diversity" in order to protect national culture. After further analysis, this paper concludes that the reasons why the French government, political parties, the public, the elite and other policy influence forces can move so tacitly towards "cultural exception" are rooted in the French tradition of state interventionism. Independent diplomatic tradition, egalitarian political culture tradition, nationalism tradition. The influence of the principle of "cultural exception" is as follows: it protects the audiovisual industry in France, popularizes French culture and enhances the influence of French political diplomacy. Cultural exception is also faced with many challenges because of the limitation of not being able to develop French culture. Based on the practical experience and lessons of France's "cultural exception" and the national conditions of China, this paper puts forward some useful suggestions for Chinese cultural policy.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：G156.5

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