世界文化遗产地自然灾害类风险管理研究

发布时间：2018-08-20 11:00

【摘要】：世界文化遗产地极其珍贵,全人类都有责任保护其不受损害。随着社会发展、环境变化及过度旅游开发等因素影响,经历了千百年留存下来的世界文化遗产地(简称遗产地)日益变得脆弱加之各种风险的影响,使遗产地面临更多的风险,但各类风险中往往是自然灾害风险给遗产地带来毁灭性或极其严重的损害,给遗产地保护工作带来了更大的威胁与挑战,使人们越来越清楚地认识到遗产地自然灾害风险管理的重要性、必要性和紧迫性。党中央、国务院历来高度重视世界文化遗产保护工作,由于长期过度开发和不合理利用,遗产地正面临着巨大的威胁,有的遗产地消亡或正逐渐受到破坏,因此,加强文化遗产保护刻不容缓。世界文化遗产地是全人类共同的物质和精神财富,极其珍贵又不可再生,具有突出的普遍价值,每处遗产地都承载着历史、艺术或科学价值。保护世界文化遗产不受损害,主要是保护其价值不受损害,当遗产地面临自然灾害风险威胁时,避免价值损失的发生,或者将预期发生的价值损失降低到最低水平才能使遗产价值尽可能加以延续。因此将风险管理理论引入到世界文化遗产地保护与管理中,为避免文物的价值损失提供了理论依据,为预防性保护提供了重要的理论与方法。本文重点研究遗产地的自然灾害类风险,提出了风险评估各阶段的主要研究内容,针对于遗产地的实际情况提出了风险评价准则及风险应对方法。通过本文对世界文化遗产地自然灾害类风险管理的研究,为实现世界文化遗产的风险管理提供重要的理论和方法支撑。通过以敦煌莫高窟的为实例进行研究,提出了莫高窟自然灾害风险识别、分析、评价、应对的内容；围绕敦煌莫高窟风险评价需求,开展莫高窟风险分析准则和风险等级划分方法研究,建立面向敦煌莫高窟的风险分类、分级体系；综合考虑现有风险处理技术手段及管理条件,针对莫高窟风险预报、预警、控制和突发事件应急等不同类型风险响应方式,开展不同类型风险与响应优先级之间的对应关系研究,以及风险预报、预警、控制和突发事件应急等的响应机制研究。
[Abstract]:The world's cultural heritage is so precious that all human beings have a duty to protect it from harm. With the influence of social development, environmental change and over-exploitation of tourism, the world cultural heritage sites, which have survived for thousands of years, have become increasingly fragile and affected by various risks, which make the heritage sites face more risks. However, among all kinds of risks, natural disasters often bring destructive or extremely serious damage to heritage sites, and pose greater threats and challenges to the protection of heritage sites. It makes people realize the importance, necessity and urgency of natural disaster risk management. The CPC Central Committee and the State Council have always attached great importance to the protection of world cultural heritage. As a result of long-term over-exploitation and irrational utilization, heritage sites are facing a great threat, some of which are dying out or are gradually being destroyed. It is urgent to strengthen the protection of cultural heritage. World cultural heritage is the common material and spiritual wealth of all mankind. It is extremely precious and non-renewable, and has outstanding universal value. Every heritage place bears historical, artistic or scientific value. To protect the world cultural heritage from damage, mainly to protect its value from harm, and to avoid the loss of value when the site is threatened by natural disasters. Or reduce the expected loss of value to a minimum level so that the value of the heritage as long as possible. Therefore, the introduction of risk management theory into the protection and management of world cultural heritage sites provides a theoretical basis for avoiding the value loss of cultural relics and an important theory and method for preventive conservation. This paper focuses on the risk of natural disasters in heritage sites, puts forward the main research contents of each stage of risk assessment, and puts forward the risk evaluation criteria and risk response methods according to the actual situation of heritage sites. Through the research on the risk management of natural disasters in the world cultural heritage sites, this paper provides an important theoretical and methodological support for the realization of risk management of the world cultural heritage. By taking the Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang as an example, the paper puts forward the contents of natural disaster risk identification, analysis, evaluation and response of the Mogao Grottoes, and focuses on the needs of the risk assessment of the Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang. To study the risk analysis criteria and risk classification methods of Mogao Grottoes, to establish a risk classification and classification system for the Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang, to comprehensively consider the existing risk treatment techniques and management conditions, and to forecast and early warning the risk in Mogao Grottoes, and to set up a risk classification and classification system for the Mogao Grottoes. Different types of risk response methods such as control and emergency response, the corresponding relationship between different types of risk and response priority, and the response mechanism of risk forecasting, early warning, control and emergency response are studied.
【学位授予单位】：北京化工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：G122

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