中国古枣园文化遗产研究

发布时间：2018-08-30 08:14

【摘要】：枣原产我国,古枣园是以古枣树所在地为依托形成的具备农业文化遗产价值的枣树园。古枣园所在地往往是历史上枣的栽培起源中心,古枣园的形成和发展脉络正是枣在我国的栽培规模不断扩大,栽培价值不断得到体现的反映。中国北方枣产区的几个现存古枣园是人们了解和认识古代枣文化发展演变的重要依据,也是当今农业文化遗产保护的重要对象。枣起源于酸枣,是我国古代劳动人民在长期的生产生活中从酸枣中选择果实较好、性状良好者培育而来。枣最早从黄河中游的陕、晋河谷一带兴起。以后相邻冀、鲁、豫等地逐渐发展起来。历史上枣的品种经过不断选优,其栽培技术也不断得到提高。至北魏贾思勰著《齐民要术》,我国古代对枣的栽培、繁殖等已有较完善的技术体系,同时在枣园管理、枣果采收及加工方面,也有了较以往更为成熟的发展。由于枣树极耐干旱、栽培范围广且适应性强,耐瘠薄、耐盐碱,不苛选土地的特性十分突出,枣树在历史时期常常成为枣区民众防风治沙的先锋树种和重要的经济来源之一。在此基础上,一些枣树集中连片种植的地域,往往以古枣树为中心形成和建立了古枣园。这些古枣园虽历经千百年,仍发挥着其最基本的生产和生态功能,在现今的社会生活中仍有着十分重要的意义。更随着农业文化遗产项目的启动和近年来观光果园等旅游形式的发展,以众多古枣树为依托的古枣园开始进入人们的视野,受到人们的关注,这既是古枣园自身历史文化意味的展现,也带动了古枣园所在地的经济增长。另一方面,古枣园及其枣区民众生活中历代相承袭的以有关枣的神话传说、枣俗为代表的枣民俗文化已引起重视并受到一定程度的保护。今天现存的陕西佳县千年枣园、河北黄骅古贡枣园等具备一定典型意义的古枣园,不仅是我国枣重要的种质资源库,更承载着丰富的枣文化信息。陕西佳县千年枣园正冲刺“全球重要农业文化遗产”,其发展模式和思路可为其他地区古枣园的发展提供良好借鉴。另一方面,一些农业文化遗产即使已被列入“中国重要农业文化遗产”候选地,由于保护的力度和深度不够,仍深陷保护和开发难以平衡的尴尬境地,如何在发展中保护,在不改变古枣园种植模式的前提下,以活态传承为主要措施对其进行保护,仍是古枣园文化遗产研究中的重点和难点。
[Abstract]:The ancient jujube orchard is a jujube orchard with agricultural and cultural heritage value based on the location of the ancient jujube tree. The location of ancient jujube orchard is often the center of its cultural origin in history. The formation and development of ancient jujube orchard is the reflection of jujube growing scale and cultural value in our country. Several existing ancient jujube gardens in northern China are the important basis for people to understand and understand the development and evolution of ancient jujube culture, and are also important objects for the protection of agricultural cultural heritage. Zizyphus jujuba originated from Zizyphus jujuba. It was cultivated by the Chinese ancient laboring people who chose the fruit from the wild jujube in the long life and the character was good. Dates first emerged from the middle reaches of the Yellow River in Shaanxi and the Jin River Valley. After the adjacent Hebei, Shandong, Henan and other places gradually developed. In the history of jujube varieties through continuous selection, its cultivation technology has been continuously improved. By Jia sixie in the Northern Wei Dynasty, the cultivation and reproduction of jujube in ancient China had a more perfect technical system. At the same time, the management of jujube orchard, the picking and processing of jujube fruit also had more mature development than before. Because jujube trees are extremely drought-tolerant, have wide cultivation range and strong adaptability, are resistant to barren, saline-alkali and non-selective land, jujube trees are often the pioneer species and one of the important economic sources of wind and sand control in jujube area in the historical period. On this basis, the ancient jujube orchard is often formed and established in some areas where jujube trees are concentrated on continuous planting. These ancient jujube gardens, after thousands of years, still play their most basic production and ecological functions, and still have a very important significance in the current social life. With the launching of the agricultural and cultural heritage project and the development of tourism forms such as sightseeing orchards in recent years, the ancient jujube orchard, relying on many ancient jujube trees, began to enter people's vision and received people's attention. This is not only the historical and cultural significance of the ancient jujube garden, but also the economic growth of the ancient jujube garden. On the other hand, the folklore culture of jujube, represented by the mythology and folklore of jujube, has been paid attention to and protected to a certain extent in the people's life of ancient jujube garden and its area. The existing ancient jujube orchards in Jiaxian County of Shaanxi Province and Gugong Jujube Garden in Huanghua County Hebei Province are not only the important germplasm resource bank of Chinese jujube but also carry abundant information of jujube culture. The Millennium Jujube Garden in Jiaxian County of Shaanxi Province is sprinting "the important agricultural cultural heritage of the whole world", and its development mode and train of thought can provide good reference for the development of ancient jujube orchard in other regions. On the other hand, even if some agricultural cultural heritage has been listed as a candidate for "China's important agricultural cultural heritage", because of the insufficient intensity and depth of protection, it is still mired in the awkward situation of protection and development, and how to protect it in the course of development. On the premise of not changing the planting pattern of ancient jujube orchard, it is still an important and difficult point in the study of ancient jujube garden cultural heritage to protect it by taking living inheritance as the main measure.
【学位授予单位】：南京农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：S665.1;G122

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