端午节俗起源新探

发布时间：2018-10-31 20:52

【摘要】：端午节俗的起源不是所谓的纪念屈原说、效仿勾践操演水师说、纪念伍子胥或曹娥说、吴越民族祭祀龙图腾说、古代越人新年说等,而是辟邪说。辟邪说则是直接源于中外死神神话及生殖崇拜心理,但最深层的原因则是大自然在五月的阴阳时序转换,它构成了死神神话产生的自然背景。夏至日为死神诞辰或下界日,被民间认为是"恶月""毒月""死月",围绕这一月份产生了许多辟邪避死的民俗事象,经过演变后逐渐更多地集中于五月五日即端午日,各种利用动物植物开展的端午节俗活动恰恰又反映了"保生促生多生"的生殖崇拜主题。纪念屈原虽然不是五月五日民俗及端午节俗的起源,但由于屈原忠君爱国形象契合人心,再加上历代官民对屈原的推重,使纪念屈原逐渐成为端午节俗中最重要的内容,具有了驱避与纪念兼有的双重主题,并且越来越受重视,乃至忽略了这一节俗的最主要源头。
[Abstract]:The origin of the Dragon Boat Festival custom is not the so-called memorial to qu Yuan, the water teacher who imitated Goujian, said, "to commemorate Wu Zixu or Cao E, Wu Yue nation worshiped the dragon totem, the ancient Yue people said the New year, and so on, but to ward off evil spirits." The theory of dispelling evil is directly derived from the myth of death and the psychology of reproductive worship at home and abroad, but the deepest reason is the transformation of nature's Yin and Yang timing in May, which constitutes the natural background of the birth of the myth of death. The Summer Solstice is regarded by the people as the "evil moon", "poison moon" and "dead moon". Around this month, many folklore phenomena have been produced to ward off evil spirits and avoid death. After evolution, they have gradually concentrated more and more on the Dragon Boat Festival on May 5, the Dragon Boat Festival. All kinds of traditional activities of Dragon Boat Festival using animal plants reflect the theme of reproductive worship. Although the commemoration of qu Yuan is not the origin of folklore and Dragon Boat Festival custom on May 5, because qu Yuan's patriotic image is in accord with the people's heart, coupled with the emphasis placed on qu Yuan by the officials and the people of all dynasties, the commemoration of qu Yuan has gradually become the most important part of the customs of the Dragon Boat Festival. It has a dual theme of both repellency and remembrance, and has been paid more and more attention to, even ignoring the main source of this section of vulgarity.
【作者单位】：华中师范大学历史文化学院;湖北幼儿师范高等专科学校;
【分类号】：K892.1

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