朝鲜王朝英祖的国葬典礼研究
发布时间：2018-12-21 21:35
【摘要】：英祖时期(1724-1776年在位)是朝鲜王朝的中兴时期,英祖注重对礼制的再编,尤其是对五礼中的凶礼尤为重视。他组织编纂了《国朝续五礼仪》和《国朝丧礼补编》,这两本仪礼书以《国朝五礼仪》为基础,以中国"三代古礼"的精神为中心,总结历代国王的国葬程序,制定出符合时宜的国葬仪礼,使朝鲜王朝的凶礼最终确立起来。英祖国葬按照《国朝丧礼补编》进行,其中的仪礼变化也非常明显。一方面体现在新增仪礼"复后奠"的实施以及对"朝祖仪"的论议,这两项仪礼程序的制定以古礼为依据,与当时的政治思想状况相结合,他们的补入完善了国葬程序,表达了儒家"孝"的思想,展现了古礼中所体现的丧礼精神。另一方面体现在对"变礼"的整理,具有代表性的是梓宫和祗送坹迎相关的变礼,具体表现在对梓宫加漆次数、梓宫上字书写仪、梓宫结裹仪的规定更加规范化、法制化,明确了国王在坹送祗迎仪礼时的场所。之前的仪礼书没有对这些"变礼"做出明确的规定,在前几次国王葬礼中程序各不相同,因此对其进行了整理,使其作为固定的仪礼确立起来。英祖国葬中发生这些变化的原因可以归结为两点:一方面是朝鲜王朝礼学的发展。朝鲜王朝通过前中期对性理学的接受和对《朱子家礼》的研究,朝鲜王朝的礼学不仅继承了中华的礼学思想,同时结合朝鲜王朝自身条件,实现了中国礼学的朝鲜化;另一方面是英正祖强化王权的需要。英、正祖时期实施荡平策,强调以王权为中心,国王对国家大事有着绝对的决定权,这也体现在对仪礼的制定和实施上。国王王位继承的正统性与国王国葬紧密相连,正祖(1776-1800年在位)借助英祖国葬来证明自身继承王位的正当性,从而强化王权。英祖的国葬是朝鲜王朝凶礼确立新的制度后实施的第一个国王国葬,成为了一个定制,为之后的国王国葬提供了参考。仪礼变化推动了朝鲜礼学的进一步发展,帮助强化了王权、稳定了政局,同时由上及下,有利于教化百姓,从而稳定社会秩序。
[Abstract]:The period of British ancestor (1724-1776 in power) was the period of ZTE of Korean Dynasty, which paid more attention to the recompilation of ritual system, especially to the fierce ceremony in the five Rites. He organized the compilation of the five Rites of the National dynasties and the Supplement to the Funeral of the National dynasties. These two books were based on the five Rites of the National dynasties and centered on the spirit of the "three dynasties of Ancient Rites" in China, and summarized the state burial procedures of the kings of the past dynasties. A state funeral ceremony was formulated, which finally established the murderous ceremony of the Korean dynasty. The burial of the British motherland was carried out in accordance with the National Funeral Supplement, in which the ritual changes were also evident. On the one hand, it is reflected in the implementation of the newly added ritual ceremony "after the Restoration" and the discussion on the "Chao Zuyi". The formulation of these two ritual procedures is based on the ancient ritual, combined with the political and ideological conditions at that time, and their addition has improved the state funeral procedure. It expresses the Confucian thought of filial piety and shows the spirit of funeral ceremony embodied in Gu Li Zhong. On the other hand, it is embodied in the arrangement of "changing gifts", which is representative of the Zigong and only sending them to welcome the related changes. The concrete manifestation is the number of times of adding paint to the Zigong, the writing apparatus on the Zigong, the Zigong knot wrapping instrument, which are more standardized and legalized. The king's place in the ceremony was defined. The previous ceremony book did not make a clear provision for these "changes of ceremony", in the previous King's funeral procedures were different, so it was arranged, so that it was established as a fixed ceremony. The causes of these changes in the burial of the British motherland can be attributed to two aspects: one is the development of Korean Royal Rites. The Korean dynasty not only inherits the Chinese thought of ritual, but also realizes the Korean culture of Chinese ritual by accepting the Neo-Confucianism before the middle of the period and studying Zhu Zi's Rites in the early and middle period. The Korean Dynasty not only inherits the Chinese thought of ritual learning, but also realizes the Korean culture of Chinese ritual learning by combining the conditions of the Korean dynasty itself. On the other hand, it is the need of strengthening Wang Quan. The king had absolute right of decision on state affairs, which was reflected in the formulation and implementation of ritual. The orthodoxy of the succession of the king to the throne is closely related to the burial of the king. The patriarch (who was in power from 1776 to 1800) used the burial of Britain to justify his succession to the throne, thus strengthening Wang Quan. The state funeral of Yonzu was the first king's state funeral after the establishment of the new system in the Korean dynasty. It became a custom and provided a reference for the later king's state funeral. The change of ceremony promoted the further development of Korean ritual study, helped to strengthen Wang Quan, stabilized the political situation, at the same time, from top to bottom, it was beneficial to educate the common people and stabilize the social order.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K893.12
本文编号：2389498
[Abstract]:The period of British ancestor (1724-1776 in power) was the period of ZTE of Korean Dynasty, which paid more attention to the recompilation of ritual system, especially to the fierce ceremony in the five Rites. He organized the compilation of the five Rites of the National dynasties and the Supplement to the Funeral of the National dynasties. These two books were based on the five Rites of the National dynasties and centered on the spirit of the "three dynasties of Ancient Rites" in China, and summarized the state burial procedures of the kings of the past dynasties. A state funeral ceremony was formulated, which finally established the murderous ceremony of the Korean dynasty. The burial of the British motherland was carried out in accordance with the National Funeral Supplement, in which the ritual changes were also evident. On the one hand, it is reflected in the implementation of the newly added ritual ceremony "after the Restoration" and the discussion on the "Chao Zuyi". The formulation of these two ritual procedures is based on the ancient ritual, combined with the political and ideological conditions at that time, and their addition has improved the state funeral procedure. It expresses the Confucian thought of filial piety and shows the spirit of funeral ceremony embodied in Gu Li Zhong. On the other hand, it is embodied in the arrangement of "changing gifts", which is representative of the Zigong and only sending them to welcome the related changes. The concrete manifestation is the number of times of adding paint to the Zigong, the writing apparatus on the Zigong, the Zigong knot wrapping instrument, which are more standardized and legalized. The king's place in the ceremony was defined. The previous ceremony book did not make a clear provision for these "changes of ceremony", in the previous King's funeral procedures were different, so it was arranged, so that it was established as a fixed ceremony. The causes of these changes in the burial of the British motherland can be attributed to two aspects: one is the development of Korean Royal Rites. The Korean dynasty not only inherits the Chinese thought of ritual, but also realizes the Korean culture of Chinese ritual by accepting the Neo-Confucianism before the middle of the period and studying Zhu Zi's Rites in the early and middle period. The Korean Dynasty not only inherits the Chinese thought of ritual learning, but also realizes the Korean culture of Chinese ritual learning by combining the conditions of the Korean dynasty itself. On the other hand, it is the need of strengthening Wang Quan. The king had absolute right of decision on state affairs, which was reflected in the formulation and implementation of ritual. The orthodoxy of the succession of the king to the throne is closely related to the burial of the king. The patriarch (who was in power from 1776 to 1800) used the burial of Britain to justify his succession to the throne, thus strengthening Wang Quan. The state funeral of Yonzu was the first king's state funeral after the establishment of the new system in the Korean dynasty. It became a custom and provided a reference for the later king's state funeral. The change of ceremony promoted the further development of Korean ritual study, helped to strengthen Wang Quan, stabilized the political situation, at the same time, from top to bottom, it was beneficial to educate the common people and stabilize the social order.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K893.12
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