基层文化单位的效率困境:供给侧结构问题还是管理技术问题——以5省10个文化站为中心的观察
发布时间：2019-02-08 20:45
【摘要】：现代国家的合法性资源既来源于历史传统,又来源于国家现代化建设的成效。文化站作为政府的基层文化单位,是我国现代公共文化服务体系中的一个环节,因其承担面向基层社区提供公共文化产品的任务而获得自身的合法性,故文化站又是国家合法性资源建设的重要组成部分。国家藉助文化站等基层组织,为社会提供公共文化产品和服务,以提升整个社会的文化心理结构,让全社会形成一种礼敬传统文化、崇尚公平竞争、崇尚效率优先、崇尚技术和智慧的文化价值系统,形成有利于支撑现代经济社会结构的文化结构和社会发展的精神动力,这是文化站等基层文化机构得以设立并得到国家财政支持的核心价值所在。文化站等基层文化机构既是公共文化产品和服务的生产者,又是基层公共文化传播系统的一部分。经过对国家公共文化政策实验基地文化站的持续观察显示,我国基层文化机构正陷入公共资源投入不断增加而绩效却持续下滑的"悖论",这种情形使正在实施的国家公共文化服务体系建设面临"未强先衰"的窘境。研究发现,文化站面临的发展困境,其实质是基层文化机构的传统业务模式与高速城市化进程和数字信息技术快速发展所导致的社会文化生态环境变迁之间出现的结构性失衡,这种结构性问题只能通过供给侧结构性改革而不能够仅仅凭藉机制措施来解决。文化站比照事业体制的制度设计是一种低效率的管理模式;一向行之有效的传统的"增人加钱"式增量改革模式也正逐步失去有效性。必须重新梳理我国基层文化单位的结构性改革思路,明确基层公共文化事权和支出责任的财政政策基准,不再仅仅聚焦于经费、编制和管理标准等技术性层面的问题,而必须树立建设现代公共文化服务体系、推动公共文化供给侧结构性改革的战略思维。
[Abstract]:The legitimacy resources of modern country are not only from historical tradition, but also from the effect of modernization construction. As the grass-roots cultural unit of the government, the cultural station is a link in the modern public cultural service system of our country. Because it undertakes the task of providing public cultural products to the grass-roots communities, it obtains its own legitimacy. Therefore, the cultural station is also an important part of the construction of national legitimacy resources. The state provides public cultural products and services to the society through supporting grass-roots organizations such as cultural stations, so as to enhance the cultural psychological structure of the whole society, so that the whole society can form a traditional culture of courtesy and respect, advocate fair competition and advocate efficiency first, A system of cultural values that upholds technology and wisdom and forms a spiritual motive force conducive to supporting the cultural structure and social development of the modern economic and social structure, This is the cultural station and other grass-roots cultural institutions to be set up and the state financial support of the core value. Cultural stations and other grass-roots cultural institutions are not only producers of public cultural products and services, but also part of the communication system of grass-roots public culture. Through the continuous observation of the cultural station of the national public cultural policy experimental base, it is shown that the grass-roots cultural institutions in our country are caught in the "paradox" of increasing public resource investment and declining performance. This situation makes the construction of the national public cultural service system face the dilemma of "failing before the strong". It is found that the development dilemma of the cultural station is the structural imbalance between the traditional business model of the grass-roots cultural institutions and the changes of social, cultural and ecological environment caused by the rapid urbanization process and the rapid development of digital information technology. Such structural problems can only be solved through supply-side structural reforms and not simply by institutional measures. The system design of cultural station is a kind of inefficient management mode, and the traditional incremental reform mode of "increasing people and increasing money" is gradually losing its effectiveness. We must rearrange the structural reform ideas of our country's grass-roots cultural units, clarify the fiscal policy benchmarks of grass-roots public cultural affairs and expenditure responsibilities, and no longer focus solely on the technical aspects of funding, establishment and management standards. It is necessary to set up the strategic thinking of constructing modern public cultural service system and promoting the structural reform of public culture supply-side.
【作者单位】： 武汉大学国家文化发展研究院;武汉大学政治与公共管理学院;
【基金】：国家社科基金艺术学重大项目“公共文化服务体系建设与运行中的财政保障标准与保障方式研究”(13ZD04)
【分类号】：G242
[Abstract]:The legitimacy resources of modern country are not only from historical tradition, but also from the effect of modernization construction. As the grass-roots cultural unit of the government, the cultural station is a link in the modern public cultural service system of our country. Because it undertakes the task of providing public cultural products to the grass-roots communities, it obtains its own legitimacy. Therefore, the cultural station is also an important part of the construction of national legitimacy resources. The state provides public cultural products and services to the society through supporting grass-roots organizations such as cultural stations, so as to enhance the cultural psychological structure of the whole society, so that the whole society can form a traditional culture of courtesy and respect, advocate fair competition and advocate efficiency first, A system of cultural values that upholds technology and wisdom and forms a spiritual motive force conducive to supporting the cultural structure and social development of the modern economic and social structure, This is the cultural station and other grass-roots cultural institutions to be set up and the state financial support of the core value. Cultural stations and other grass-roots cultural institutions are not only producers of public cultural products and services, but also part of the communication system of grass-roots public culture. Through the continuous observation of the cultural station of the national public cultural policy experimental base, it is shown that the grass-roots cultural institutions in our country are caught in the "paradox" of increasing public resource investment and declining performance. This situation makes the construction of the national public cultural service system face the dilemma of "failing before the strong". It is found that the development dilemma of the cultural station is the structural imbalance between the traditional business model of the grass-roots cultural institutions and the changes of social, cultural and ecological environment caused by the rapid urbanization process and the rapid development of digital information technology. Such structural problems can only be solved through supply-side structural reforms and not simply by institutional measures. The system design of cultural station is a kind of inefficient management mode, and the traditional incremental reform mode of "increasing people and increasing money" is gradually losing its effectiveness. We must rearrange the structural reform ideas of our country's grass-roots cultural units, clarify the fiscal policy benchmarks of grass-roots public cultural affairs and expenditure responsibilities, and no longer focus solely on the technical aspects of funding, establishment and management standards. It is necessary to set up the strategic thinking of constructing modern public cultural service system and promoting the structural reform of public culture supply-side.
【作者单位】： 武汉大学国家文化发展研究院;武汉大学政治与公共管理学院;
【基金】：国家社科基金艺术学重大项目“公共文化服务体系建设与运行中的财政保障标准与保障方式研究”(13ZD04)
【分类号】：G242
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