近代以来中国话语建构的演进研究

发布时间：2019-03-09 18:50

【摘要】：鸦片战争的国门洞开，使得西方文化以如潮之势涌入中国，曾经的文化优越感在历经战争的炮击后备受震撼，，中国传统文化话语在西方话语的巨大冲击下逐渐分崩离析，进入了一个话语急剧变革的时代。新的话语变局的出现直接起因于西方资本主义国家话语的强势入侵，但清代文化发展的轨迹与倾向，也为中国话语的变革与新生提供了内在根据和主体需求。虽然清朝前期文化采取了高压钳制式的话语政策——话语专制主义与话语排外主义。但后期的“经世致用”思潮则打破了这个独裁的话语局面，为中国文化的近代化提供了思想准备，也为而后的话语变化带来了新的生机。鸦片战争后，西方话语体系在由技术理性话语、政治制度话语，再到价值意识话语的逐步晋升中，被整体、全面的引入中国，加深了近代中国话语嬗变的进程，而马克思主义话语则凭借其深厚的理论资源，通过与其他非马克思主义话语的论战，逐渐发展成为强势的一元话语体系。这个一元话语体制由于战时马克思主义革命话语的惯性，突出的表现为两个方面：一是理论话语层面的革命性；二是大众话语层面的集体主义。这两种话语特性为马克思主义话语在改革开放前期提供了政治上的话语主导和大众话语层面的价值观念，在一定程度上发展、巩固了马克思主义一元话语体系的主体地位。然而，改革开放和全球化的来临，再次推进了话语体系的嬗变，在深刻的社会转型与变迁下，一元话语体系逐渐式微。理论话语层面的自由主义话语、“新左派”话语与民族主义话语的风靡，以及大众话语层面的流行文化话语的兴起都在一定程度上冲击了马克思主义话语体系的主导地位，多元文化再次兴起。经济的全球化、政治的多极化不仅为世界上各种思潮和文化提供了一个广泛的价值交流平台，更为具有先进文化软实力的西方话语在中国文化领域占据绝对性的优势提供了契机。但中国话语却始终蹑足于西方话语的笼罩下，缺乏涵有文化软实力的话语权。特别是在这个愈加注重文化软实力的当下，一个国家只有拥有强势的文化软实力，才会在国家话语权之争中赢得主动地位，才能在在国际领域拥有自己的话语权。在文化全球化时代，我国若要在西方国家强势的话语霸权渗透下获得话语主导权，就必须在当代中国马克思主义的理论视阈中重塑涵有中国魅力的话语体系，发展独具中国特色的文化软实力。这就要求我们探究近代以来中国话语中的矛盾与冲突，厘清当下话语体系的走向，为未来话语话语的建构提供历史依据与资源，这样才能更好的提升中国文化软实力，掌握话语权。
[Abstract]:The opening of the door of the Opium War caused the western culture to pour into China as a tide. The sense of cultural superiority was shocked after the shelling of the war, and the Chinese traditional cultural discourse was gradually disintegrated under the great impact of the western discourse. Has entered an era of dramatic change in discourse. The emergence of new discourse changes is directly due to the strong invasion of discourse in western capitalist countries. However, the track and tendency of cultural development in Qing Dynasty also provide the internal basis and subjective demand for the transformation and freshness of Chinese discourse. Although the culture of the early Qing Dynasty adopted a high-pressure and clamped-down discourse policy-discourse autocracy and discourse xenophobia. However, the later thought of "applying the world to the world" broke the dictatorial discourse situation, provided the ideological preparation for the modernization of Chinese culture, and brought new vitality to the later discourse change. After the Opium War, the western discourse system, which was gradually promoted by technical rational discourse, political system discourse, and value consciousness discourse, was introduced into China in an all-round way, which deepened the course of discourse evolution in modern China. By virtue of its profound theoretical resources, Marxist discourse has gradually developed into a strong unitary discourse system through the controversy with other non-Marxist discourse. Due to the inertia of the revolutionary discourse of Marxism in wartime, this monadic discourse system is characterized by two aspects: one is the revolutionary theory of discourse, the other is collectivism on the level of mass discourse. These two kinds of discourse characteristics provide the political discourse leading and the mass discourse values for the Marxist discourse in the early stage of the reform and opening up, and to a certain extent, strengthen the subjective position of the Marxist unitary discourse system. However, with the advent of reform and opening-up and globalization, the evolution of discourse system has been pushed forward again. Under the profound social transformation and change, the unitary discourse system is gradually minisculating. The liberal discourse on the theoretical discourse level, the popularity of the "New left" discourse and the nationalist discourse, as well as the rise of popular cultural discourse at the mass discourse level, to a certain extent, have impacted the dominant position of the Marxist discourse system. Multiculturalism rose again. The globalization of the economy and the multi-polarization of politics have not only provided a broad platform for the exchange of values among all kinds of ideological trends and cultures in the world. The more advanced cultural soft power of western discourse in the field of Chinese culture occupies the absolute advantage provides an opportunity. However, Chinese discourse has always crept under the shroud of western discourse and lacks the right to speak with cultural soft power. Especially in this time when more attention is paid to cultural soft power, only by having strong cultural soft power can a country win an active position in the national discourse right dispute and have its own speaking power in the international field. In the era of cultural globalization, if China wants to gain the dominant power of discourse under the strong discourse hegemony of western countries, it must reshape the discourse system with Chinese charm in the theoretical threshold of contemporary Chinese Marxism. Develop unique cultural soft power with Chinese characteristics. This requires us to explore the contradictions and conflicts in Chinese discourse since modern times, to clarify the current trend of discourse system, to provide historical basis and resources for the construction of future discourse, so as to promote the soft power of Chinese culture better. Master the right to speak.
【学位授予单位】：河南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：G122

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