吕洞山区苗族村落的文化特色研究

发布时间：2019-05-16 10:11

【摘要】：在这个文化与社会不断趋同的年代里,与地域主义相关的历史文化保护议题,始终具有着与时俱进的时代意义。探讨吕洞山区苗族村落的文化,可以采用村落民族志的方法,从人、神、文、史、地、产、景几个方面深入了解该区域少数民族的村落形态。藉此明确界定村落文化变迁与村落遗存的类型与样式,以了解村落的特殊历史过程、与村落生态环境的适应,以及外来文化复合作用的机制。对这七大要素的组合研究,揭示了村落的文化特色。较之其他村落,吕洞山区苗族村落具有以八合鼓与撼山鼓为代表的苗鼓文化——鼓点密集、强劲有力;以带有“火塘间”和“籽蹬屋”的建筑文化——黑瓦房和吊脚楼;高腔文化——兼具了戈阳高腔“辗转改益”特性与本地苗歌、山歌、巫歌“山野性”的高腔艺术;傩戏文化——保持苗歌苗戏独有的民族风格和地方特色。这些文化特色承载了厚重的苗族农耕文明和乡土性。然而近年来,以近代工业和科学技术为载体的现代文明浪潮席卷全球,苗族村落文化面临着日益严峻的冲击。例如文化功能不断被弱化,文化保护机制不健全,市场化、利益化、泛娱乐化越来越突显。为此,需要找准保护的主体力量,挖掘保护的根本动力,注重文化保护的选择性,使村落文化的保护传承与开发利用达到动态平衡。
[Abstract]:In the era of the continuous convergence of this culture and the society, the historical and cultural protection issues related to the regionalism always have the times of keeping with the times. The paper discusses the culture of the Miao village in Ludong mountain area, and can use the method of the village ethnography to deeply understand the village form of the minority in the region from the aspects of human, spirit, text, history, land, production and view. This paper clearly defines the type and style of the village cultural change and the village's legacy, so as to understand the special historical process of the village, the adaptation of the ecological environment of the village and the mechanism of the compound function of the foreign culture. The combination of these seven elements reveals the cultural characteristics of the village. Compared with other villages, the Miao village of Ludong mountainous area has a strong and powerful seedling-drum culture, which is represented by the eight-in-one drum and the mountain-shaking drum, and is characterized by the "fire-pond" and the "Seed-kicking house" of the building culture _ black tile room and the hanging foot building; The high-cavity culture _ has the characteristics of the high-cavity "to turn over and change" of the Goyang and the high-cavity art of the local Miao song, the mountain song and the witch-song "wild-field nature"; the play culture _ maintains the unique national style and the local characteristic of the Miao song play. These cultural features carry the heavy, Miao, and native. However, in recent years, the modern civilization wave, which takes modern industry and science and technology as the carrier, has swept the whole world, and the Miao village culture is facing an increasingly severe impact. For example, the cultural function is continuously weakened, the cultural protection mechanism is not sound, the market-oriented, the benefit-oriented, the pan-entertainment is becoming more and more prominent. Therefore, it is necessary to find the main power of protection, to explore the fundamental power of protection, to pay attention to the selectivity of cultural protection, and to make the protection and development and utilization of the village culture dynamic balance.
【学位授予单位】：吉首大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G249.27

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